The order of the Grand Palace , the Palace Order or the Grand Palace [1] - the governing body of the Russian kingdom ( order ), which was in charge of the royal courts (fodder, bread and others), cities and villages in the lands of the Grand Duke of Moscow (purchased goods, food, was in charge of income and expenses of the royal court ) and the clergy for civil matters [2] .
| Order of the Grand Palace, (Palace Order, Grand Palace) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Years of existence | 1627 - 1709 |
| A country |  Russia |
| Subordination | the butler with the path ("the boyar and the butler") |
| Included in | Russian kingdom |
| Type of | order |
| Function | control |
| Dislocation | Kremlin , Moscow |
| Patron | Russian Tsar |
The order is mentioned in notebooks from 1627 to 1709. In 1671, it was ordered to issue the Kostroma quarter or a couple to the order of the Grand Palace. In 1679, the Bread Order was included in its composition. In 1700, the Stone Order was addressed to the department (“table”) of the Grand Palace. The Grand Palace was probably abolished at the beginning of the second quarter of the 18th century. In the XIX century, similar functions were performed by the Ministry of the Imperial Court .
Boyar and the butler
At the head of the order was a butler with a path , also called " boyar and butler ." The first this boyar rank was carried by M.F. Saburov (died 1465), and one of the last was B.M. Khitrovo . All the court servants were subordinate to the boyar and the butler.
Boyar and the butler ruled the Order of the Grand Palace, was the chief judge, had the right to choose his subordinates. Boyarin and the butler disposed of the lands from which the Grand Palace received income. The specific principalities had their own boyars and butlers. Ivan IV subordinated them to the Moscow boyar and the butler. Their posts were written by the name of the principality, for example, the Novgorod boyar and the butler. These posts existed before Mikhail Fedorovich . Under him, the princely palaces were combined with the Moscow Grand Palace. Under Alexei Mikhailovich, the Moscow Grand Palace was abolished, the position of the boyar and butler was replaced by Kravch .
Composition of the Grand Palace
The order of the Grand Palace was divided into small business palaces:
- Nourishing (ordered drinks) The name of the palace comes from the word full , that is, sweet. The nourishing palace produced honey , kvass , beer , mash , fruit drinks , bought wines and spices for the production of drinks. Honey was delivered to the palace for rent.
- Stern (disposed of food)
- Bread
- Worldly
The order of the Grand Palace contained the Semyonovsky amusement court , which organized the royal hunt . In 1695-1666 , the Preobrazhensky order was formed, under the jurisdiction of which was transferred the Semenovsky amusement yard with all the birds, animals and hunters who were in it.
Grand Palace Activities
In the palace cities, settlements and villages subordinated to the Grand Palace, not only city, suburban and rural residents were kept throughout their management, but also all income from taverns , customs, bridges, transports , mills and other articles located in these cities, settlements and villages. The Grand Palace appointed the governor to the palace cities, including the Ukrainian ones, and was in charge of the military personnel in them with their local and monetary salaries and with peasant households. Moreover, in the Grand Palace the court was subject to people subject to it.
The clergy for civil affairs, as consisting under the special patronage of the sovereign, from ancient times was conducted by the butler and then in the Palace order.
The Grand Palace collected dues from palace cities , settlements, villages , villages , volosts that belonged to the king, that is, the palace. They supplied everything necessary for the royal household: from a live bird to brooms. Live bird was raised at the Fodder Palace.
The order of the Grand Palace belonged to the lands in Golyanovo , Upper Toima . Fish was supplied by Rybnaya Sloboda . The villages near Moscow, Khoroshovo and Pavshino, delivered five carts of willow each to Palm Sunday . Fish was also delivered from the White Sea , the Caspian Sea , Lake Ladoga , from the Volga , Kama , Oka and other places. Live fish was brought in barrels and kept in Presnensky pond. Fish were also caught in the Moskva River by purses.
The Grand Palace not only collected rent, but also purchased everything necessary from contractors , or merchants. Small purchases were made by a merchant - an employee of the palace. Wholesale purchases were made by the palace. Trusted merchants undertook to make purchases no higher than the established prices. If the merchants did not fulfill their obligations, he compensated the losses of the palace from his funds.
Composition of servants of palaces
Employees of the Grand Palace dressed, as a rule, in red caftans .
In 1701, all business people of the palaces were listed as part of the general reporting:
The following people worked at the Bountiful Palace: vinegars - 22 people, wine-makers - 4 people, brewers - 15, brewers - 6, kvasovars - 8, candlesticks - 2, Bocharov - 4, watchmen - 45, cleaners - 2, malt fruit - 1, millers - 2 .
The following people worked at the Stern Palace: cooks - 54, graders - 86, fish farmers - 3, tablecloths - 14, sour birds - 7, chicken coops (from the word smoking, chicken) - 6, watchmen - 22, animal breeders - 6, cleaners - 2, squares - 4, guardians of fish wallets - 3.
The following people worked at the Bread Palace: 69 bread bakers, 44 brooms, 8 cowsheds, 18 watchmen, 2 cleaners, 50 millers and backfills.
Total: 532 people.
Notes
- ↑ Palace order // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Palace order // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
Literature
- Uspensky G. , The experience of the narrative of Russian antiquities. - Kharkov, 1818 .-- S. 314.
- Palace order // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Polonyanichnye money // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Palace order // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909.
- Zabelin I. , Domestic life of Russian tsars in the 16th and 17th centuries. - M .: Transitbook, 2005 .-- S. 824-833. - ISBN 5-9578-2773-8
Links
- Vasilenko N.P. Orders // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.