Nikolai Dmitrievich Dmitriyev-Orenburgsky ( 1 [13] April 1837 , Nizhny Novgorod - April 21 [ May 3 ] 1898 , St. Petersburg ) - Russian genre and battle painter , graphic artist , academician and professor of battle painting of the Imperial Academy of Arts , participant in the “Fourteen Riot” , One of the founders of the St. Petersburg Artel of Artists [1] .
| Nikolai Dmitriev-Orenburg | |
|---|---|
| Nikolai Dmitrievich Dmitriye | |
 Portrait of N. D. Dmitriev-Orenburg by I. N. Kramsky | |
| Birth name | Nikolai Dmitrievich Dmitriev |
| Date of Birth | April 1 (April 13 ) 1837 |
| Place of Birth | Nizhny Novgorod , Nizhny Novgorod province Russian empire |
| Date of death | April 21 ( May 3 ) 1898 (61 years) |
| Place of death | St. Petersburg , Russian empire |
| Allegiance |  Russian empire |
| Genre | battle genre painting |
| Study | |
| Style | academicism |
| Awards | Medals of the Imperial Academy of Arts :
|
| Ranks | Academician IAH (1868) Professor IAH (1883) |
| Awards | pension IAH (1871) |
To distinguish it from other artists, the Dmitrievs added an epithet to his last name: “Orenburg”.
Content
Biography
(1868), State Russian Museum .
Born in 1838 , brought up in the house of his father and in the Ufa provincial gymnasium, and after moving his relatives to St. Petersburg, he was preparing for admission to the junkers ; but at this time, on the advice of the famous painter V. K. Shebuev , began to attend classes of the Imperial Academy of Arts .
He was listed as a student of F. I. Bruni and received from her, for his successes in drawing and painting, four small and one large silver medals. In 1860, he was awarded a small gold medal, for a painting written on the program: “Olympic Games”. In the following two years, he executed the paintings: “ Grand Duchess Sofia Vitovitovna at the wedding of Grand Duke Vasily the Dark ” and “ Streletsky Riot ”, but he did not receive the required award for either one or the other.
In 1863, he performed again as a competitor for a large gold medal, but, along with thirteen other young artists, refused to perform the program proposed by him and, leaving the Academy with the title of artist of the second degree, participated in the establishment of the St. Petersburg Artel of Artists , of which consisted until 1871.
In 1868, the painting "Drowned in a Village" (located in the State Russian Museum ) gave him the title of academician. In 1869, he accompanied the Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolayevich the Elder on his trip to the Caucasus and the provinces of Kharkov and Voronezh ; the fruit of this journey was an album of 42 drawings [2] .
In 1871, Dmitriev went to a government account abroad , for a period of three years, spent them mainly in Düsseldorf , where he used the advice of the famous Benjamin Vautier and Ludwig Knaus , and then settled for a long time in Paris . Here he was one of the main participants in the institution of the local “Society of Russian Artists”, exhibited his paintings in annual salons, only occasionally sent them to St. Petersburg, and performed drawings for Russian and French illustrated publications.
In Paris, there was a transition from genre to battle painting, the cause of which was the receipt of the Highest Order for several paintings on subjects from the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878 . For two of them (“ Fight on the Sistov Heights of the convoy of Emperor Alexander II ” and “Entrance of the Emperor to the city of Ploesti ”) the Academy awarded him a professorship . In order to have all the necessary benefits and facilities in the performance of further paintings of the same series, he returned in 1885 to permanent residence in St. Petersburg.
Among the genre works of the artist, besides the aforementioned painting “The Drowned Man”, the best can be considered: “Two minutes to a stop” (1878) and “Fire in the village” (1885, State Russian Museum ). A number of his paintings, reproducing various episodes of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–78 , decorated the large Pompeev Gallery in the Winter Palace [3] . He died in 1898 in St. Petersburg.
Gallery
" Crossing of the Russian army across the Danube near Zimnitsa on June 15, 1877 ", (1883) - Military History Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Communication Troops
" Delivery of the fortress Nikopol July 4, 1877 ", (1883) - Military-Historical Museum of artillery, engineering troops and communications troops
“Artillery battle near Plevna . The battery of siege weapons on the Grand Duke's Mount ", (1880) - Military History Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Communications
"Capture of Grivitsky Redoubt near Plevna ", (1885) - Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers and Communication Troops
"Fire in the Village", (1885) - State Russian Museum
"Sunday in the village", (1884) - private collection
"Presentation of the captive Osman-pasha to Alexander II, on the day of the capture of Plevna by Russian troops on November 29, 1877", (1898)
Notes
- ↑ O. L. Leykind, D. Ya. Severyukhin. Artel of artists . Encyclopedia of St. Petersburg . The appeal date is March 13, 2012.
- ↑ Somov, 1893 , p. 781.
- ↑ Somov, 1893 , p. 782.
Literature
- A. S — c . Dmitriev, Nikolai Dmitrievich (painter) // Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1893. - T. Xa. - p. 781–782.
- Matafonov V.S.N. D. Dmitriev-Orenburg // Russian art. Essays on the life and work of artists of the second half of the XIX century . - M .: Iskusstvo Publishing House, 1962. - T. 1. - p. 496. - 692 p.
- S. N. Kondakov . Anniversary reference book of the Imperial Academy of Arts. 1764-1914 . - SPb. : Partnership R. Golike and A. Wilborg, 1915. - Vol. 2 (Part biographical). - p. 60. - 459 p.
Links
- Dmitriev-Orenburg Nikolai Dmitrievich in the museum of the portal "Sunday Day" . The circulation date is September 5, 2010. Archived April 20, 2013.
- Dmitriev-Orenburg Nikolai Dmitrievich on the site Art-catalog . The appeal date is September 5, 2010.
- Priest Baturin, Alexander. "Rebellious" century in painting : [ rus ] : [ arch. October 5, 2013 ] // The political newspaper “Fact”. - MO: "Information Agency of Balashikha District of MO", 2008. - Vol. of April 11, No. 28 (114130). - p. 12.
- Letters of N. D. Dmitriev-Orenburg to I. I. Shishkin . Site "Artist Ivan Shishkin" . The appeal date is September 6, 2010. Archived March 21, 2012.
- Works of N. D. Dmitriev-Orenburg. Odessa Art Museum.
- Self portrait with wife and baby