Dummy nobleman - dummy rank in the Russian state in the XVI-XVII centuries. Clever nobles were the third “honor” category (rank), after the boyars and devious . Clever nobles took part in the meetings of the Boyar Duma , led orders , and were also appointed governors in the cities. Of those who have achieved this rank, Kuzma Minin is the most famous.
They were made from the Duma clerks (from 1635 ), nobles and stolniks . Clever nobles sometimes managed to achieve deceitfulness and boyars (for example, S.I. Zaborovsky , A.S. Matveev , K.P. Naryshkin ). The appointment of the Dummy nobleman was made out by a memo on the inclusion of the name in the Boyar Book , under the Dummy nobleman with HIV (entering the lawyer with the key Semyon Poltev on May 08, 1687) [1] .
Clever nobles were first mentioned in 1572 . According to Klyuchevsky , the boyar children , "who live in the Duma" and are mentioned in the article lists since 1534, were also essentially duma nobles. G.P. Uspensky compares the rank of the Dummy nobles with the rank of State Counselor .
The Sheremetev boyar book has preserved the names of 12 duma nobles of the 16th century. From the list of them it can be seen that both the faces of ancient princely and boyar surnames and people are completely new (the latter are much more). The same is observed in the XVII century. Of the 42 families whose members were elevated to this rank in the first 75 years of the 17th century, only two ( Sobakins and Sukins ) belong to the old and famous ones, which reached deceitfulness and even boyars in the 16th century; all other non-native origin.
One of the Duma nobles served as the Keeper of the Sovereign Seal ( Pechatnik ). The last printer was N. M. Zotov . In pre-Petrine times, there was a post of the duma general .
In 1686 there were 40 duma nobles, in 1700 - 20.
In " honor " was not only the Dummy nobleman, but also his wife. On this account there was a decree of the sovereign, the tsar to his fellow boyar, Prince Vasily Vasilievich Golitsyn , to recover dishonor from those who would write the wife of a duma nobleman without HIV [1] .
Mention of the Duma nobles ceased in the 20s of the XVIII century .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 D. Valuev . Research on localism. Tipogr: Augusta Seeds. M., 1845 p. 10.
Sources
- Zimin, A. A. Composition of the Boyar Duma in the XV — XVI centuries. / A. A. Zimin // Archaeographic Yearbook for 1957 - M., 1958.
- G.P. Uspensky. "The experience of the story of the antiquities of Russian." Kharkov, 1818 pp. 161-162
- Clever nobles // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.