Edouard Albert Roche ( fr. Édouard Albert Roche ; October 17, 1820 , Montpellier - April 8, 1883 ) - French astronomer , mathematician , best known for his work in the field of celestial mechanics .
| Edouard Albert Roche | |
|---|---|
| fr. Édouard Albert Roche | |
| Date of Birth | October 17, 1820 |
| Place of Birth | Montpellier , France |
| Date of death | April 8, 1883 (aged 62) |
| Place of death | Montpellier , France |
| A country |  France |
| Scientific field | astronomy , math |
| Place of work | University of Montpellier |
| Alma mater | University of Montpellier |
| Academic rank | Professor |
| Known as | explained the formation of Saturn's rings |
| Awards and prizes | |
Biography
Born in Montpellier, a city in the south of France. He graduated from the University of Montpellier , after graduating in 1844 he taught there, since 1849 - professor of mathematics and astronomy. In 1849, he was invited by Domenic Francois Arago to the Paris Observatory , where, however, he did not work long - until 1852 , after which he returned to the University of Montpellier, where he occupied the Department of Mathematics. Since 1873 - corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences .
Scientific activity
In 1848, studies of the equilibrium conditions of the satellite, determination of the Roche limit and a scientific explanation of the formation of the rings of Saturn .
In 1849 - 1851, he studied the structure of liquid bodies of revolution, taking into account the effects of both internal and external forces. The result is the Roche Model , which describes well the density distribution in stars , as well as the behavior and interaction of close binary stars (see Roche Cavity ).
In 1853, he studied the shape of cometary shells and gave the correct explanations (before the discovery of the effect of light pressure ).
In 1873, for the first time he gave a mathematical justification for the Laplace Nebular hypothesis , examined in detail the process of formation of planets, satellites, asteroids.
Memory
In 1970, the International Astronomical Union named Roche the crater on the far side of the moon , and in 1973, the crater on Phobos .
See also
- Rocha cavity
- Roche limit
Literature
- Kolchinsky I.G., Korsun A.A., Rodriguez M.G. Astronomers: A Biographical Reference. - 2nd ed., Revised. and additional .. - Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1986. - 512 p.
Links
- Roche Eduard Albert . Date of treatment November 18, 2008. Archived March 21, 2012.
- Édouard Roche . Membres de l'Académie des sciences depuis sa création
- Edouard Albert Roche (1820-1883) // Astrophys. Space Sci. - 1983 .-- T. 97 , No. 2 . - S. 1-223 . - DOI : 10.1007 / BF00653483 .