Aksu (city, Pavlodar region)

The population of the city is 70,124 residents in the urban district (city akimat) with subordinate rural settlements, including the city itself - 41,625 people (2019) ^[1] .

The ethnic composition of the urban district (at the beginning of 2019) ^[2] :

• Kazakhs - 38 902 people. (55.48%)
• Russians - 23,080 people (32.91%)
• Ukrainians - 2 585 people. (3.69%)
• Germans - 1,750 (2.50%)
• Tatars - 1,247 people (1.78%)
• Belarusians - 450 people (0.64%)
• Moldavians - 310 people. (0.44%)
• Azerbaijanis - 273 people (0.39%)
• Chechens - 286 people. (0.41%)
• others - 1,241 people. (1.77%)
• In total - 70 124 people. (100.00%)

The history of the city is inextricably linked with the discovery of coal deposits in the area of ​​Lake Ekibastuz.

The end of the XIX century. Kazakhstan at that time as part of the Russian Empire was increasingly drawn into the economy of capitalist development. The development of the economy and trade of Russia - the metropolis and Kazakhstan - the colony increased the supply of raw materials from Kazakhstan to Russia and, accordingly, the import of other raw materials - goods, timber, products from Russia to Kazakhstan.

By this time, the discovery of the coal deposit by K. Pshenbaev, and then the exploration of scientists, engineers and geologists invited by the Pavlodar merchant-millionaire A. I. Derov in the late 1890s, led to the fact that it was decided to start the first attempts to mine coal by the mine method . And the development of the shipping company on the Irtysh and the Ob , the launch of the railway in 1886 from Chelyabinsk to Omsk predetermined the outcome - the coal of Ekibastuz must be taken to Irtysh. Having secured the support of Kiev sugar maker L. Brodsky and spiritual mentor Archpriest John of Kronstadt, A. Derov decided to create a joint-stock company for the extraction of Ekibastuz coal, which later became known as Voskresenskoye .

February 18, 1899 such a society with its own charter was established. And the Voskresensk Joint-Stock Mining Company with a capital of 3 million rubles began construction of a railway from the field to the Irtysh. The shareholders and Derov faced an important task - to determine the place for the pier on the left bank of the Irtysh. It was chosen in the tract Kyzyl Shyrpa , between the 5th and 6th villages of Aksuy volost. In April 1899, the construction of the railway from the Irtysh to Ekibastuz began in one broad gauge track, with 2 intermediate stations. The road, like society, began to be called Voskresenskaya.

In October 1899, the railway was built and brought to the pier, called, as a society and the road, also Voskresenskaya. The length of the road was 109 versts (over 110 kilometers). The land for Voskresenskaya pier was rented from the Siberian Cossack Army for 99 years, it began to occupy an area of ​​7.4 square kilometers and stretched along the Irtysh River for 1.5 kilometers, was accessible to the berth of barges and steamboats. A wooden overpass was constructed along the coast (a structure in the form of a platform for carrying one way over another at the place of their intersection) for receiving ships, as well as an overhead bridge-type structure for passing goods from the railway to river transport. The length of the flyover was 150 meters, the width was 7.5 meters, up to 20 platform wagons entered it, coal from which spilled directly into the barge. For 427 meters, the shore was strengthened from erosion by stone shields and fascines, that is, bundles of twigs of brushwood in the form of wicker shields.

Residential houses for employees with an area of ​​2114 m², barracks for workers with an area of ​​840 m², a train station , a steam train depot , a shop , material depots, a bathhouse with laundry, workshops, a sawmill, a mill and other buildings were built ^on Voskresenskaya's pier ^[3] .

The well-known Semipalatinsk local historian and researcher, former political exile, populist N. Ya. Konshin , who visited Pavlodar and other districts of the county, very vividly described the Resurrection marina in 1900: “There is a country road to the pier along the left bank of the Irtysh River, very tolerable, like all our steppe roads. I drove back along it, but I managed to go on the steamboat, which led the barges there for a load of coal ... Only six hours later, in the late evening, did the steamer get to Voskresenskaya wharf, where I had to get to the main office of the Society to get there permission to go to Ekibastuz by rail ... ”Further, our guest from Semipalatinsk wandered for a long time on the pier in the dark in search of the ill-fated office, which was 1.5 miles from Irtysh. Having accidentally come across a night watchman, learning that Konshin had a note from Derov, he led him to the railway station. “There was no room for passengers at the station, and the workers who were waiting for the train were sleeping in the hallway on the floor, but they offered me to sit in the telephone. A train that arrived in the morning from Ekibastuz stood at the station for a long time, and I used its stop to inspect the pier. In addition to the main office and railway buildings, there are a number of recently rebuilt buildings, which house the “general manager” office (P. I. Figner) and various employees. The buildings are wooden, large, some on two floors. With the mines in Ekibastuz and Pavlodar, the main office of the Voskresenskaya marina is connected by telephone. ” According to experts of those years, it was Erickson's telephone system (an American company).

Voskresenskaya marina and road successfully operated for several years. During the years 1900-1903, up to 1.5 million pounds of coal per year were taken out and loaded onto barges across the pier.

After the bankruptcy of society in 1903, the marina and the railway fell into decay.

Simultaneously with the pier near the Kazakh aul No. 5, in the tract Kyzyl Shyrpa, a new settlement of mud houses appeared, where the Kazakh poor lived, working on the pier and the railway. After the resettlement of the peasants, since 1906, the population of this village gradually increased. The settlement, called "Glinka", by 1911 reached 1000 people. In 1912-1913 there were changes in the life of the former marina and Glinka. By order of the governor and under pressure from the local Cossacks, the village and marina were given the name Yermak . In 1914, a plan was approved for the new village of Yermak. At the same time, in June 1914, a new “Kyrgyz Mining Society” was established for the extraction of Ekibastuz coal, and a railway was opened after almost a decade of inactivity. The work on the pier was revived, the village of Yermak grew into a large village.

In 1917, in one of the explanatory notes on the state of the marina and the railway, it was recorded that there was a passenger station building on the Voskresenskaya marina with an area of ​​35 m², a half-stone depot, half-iron depot, for 4 locomotives, with an area of ​​88 m². At the depot there were workshops with an area of ​​18 m², a forge, a carpentry workshop and a warehouse. All buildings made of adobe, covered with iron. Up to 30 residential buildings, wooden and earthen, with a total area of ​​up to 330 m². There was a bathhouse, water was supplied from Irtysh using a pump, water flowed into a water-lifting building, where there was a tank tank with 2000 buckets. The Vertington pump was powered by steam from a small steamer type boiler. The railway office on the wooden pier, there was also an office - a room for locomotive and conductor brigades.

Since 1914, in Yermak, in the railway depot, the former locksmith of the Omsk railway workshops Alexei Ivanovich Kotelnikov worked. He got a job as a locksmith in the depot of the Resurrection Railway. In 1915, he, together with Evgeny Razumov, organized the first cooperative, but the local merchant Yushkov sought to close it. In 1916, the wealthy merchant Krasnobryzhov opened the first steam mill, where the engines were installed by a mechanic Kotelnikov, then he worked here as a machinist.

The revolutionary events of 1917 stirred up a quiet life on the pier and in the village of Yermak. In May 1918, the commissar of the Ekibastuz Council of National Economy and member of the Pavlodar Sovdep S. I. Tsarev became a victim of local merchants. He was brutally murdered near the station. In memory of him, a stele was installed at the place of his death.

During the Civil War, an underground was operating in Yermak. In February, a group of Yermakovites was arrested by the Kolchak police and put in a Pavlodar prison.

After 1920, a revolutionary committee was created in Yermak, and then the village council. The first chairman of the village council in Yermak was Bogatkin, and since 1925 - Kotelnikov.

In 1928, the collective farm “Lenin's Way” was organized in Yermak, organized by A. Kotelnikov and S. Matvienko. Until 1928, Ermak was the center of the volost of Pavlodar district. According to the 1920 census, 1289 people lived in the village, and in 1924 - 2433 people.

In connection with the liquidation of volosts and counties, the Pavlodar district was formed in 1928, Ermak became part of the Pavlodar (then Koryakovsky) district as an ordinary, ordinary village with a village council. After the liquidation of the district, the village from 1930 to 1938 was part of the Pavlodar region.

On February 14, 1938, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Kazakh Central Executive Committee, due to the disaggregation of the Pavlodar and Beskaragai districts, the Kaganovichsky district was established with its center in the village of Yermak, on August 16, 1957 the district was renamed Yermakovsky.

In connection with the beginning of the construction of a new city and the first large facilities of ferrous metallurgy and energy, the village of Yermak, by decree of October 23, 1961, was transformed into a city of regional subordination. On February 21, 1992, the Ermakovsky district was renamed Aksu.

On May 4, 1993, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of Kazakhstan, the city of Yermak was renamed the city of Aksu ^[4] .

A few years later, by the decision of the akim of the region of July 9, 1997, the territory of the abolished Aksu district was included in the boundaries of the city of Aksu as a rural zone - rural districts and the village of Kalkaman were transferred to the administrative subordination of the city of Aksu.

Modern Aksu is an industrial, agricultural city in the Pavlodar region .

Industry

The city’s production infrastructure is represented by two city-forming enterprises: Aksu ferroalloy plant and electric power station of EEC JSC .

Since 1960, the construction of the power plant began, the first director was Novik Vladimir Mikhailovich . On December 17, 1968, the first power unit with a capacity of 300 megawatts was put into operation at the state district power station and the first industrial current was given.

In December 1996, the company was transformed into an open joint-stock company, the Eurasian Energy Corporation, which later became part of the ENRC corporation .

Since 1962, construction began on the industrial facilities of the ferroalloy plant. In January 1968, the first ton of ferroalloys was smelted at the plant, and in July 1970, the launch of 8 melting furnaces of workshop No. 2 was completed. Topilsky Peter Vasilievich was appointed the first director of the Ermakovsky ferroalloy plant. In 1995, the enterprise became part of the Kazchrome Transnational Company. The following social facilities were saved by these enterprises: a fitness center, a dispensary, a swimming pool, a holiday home, a health and fitness center; in addition, holiday homes in Faynel and Bayasyul were bought: Fakel and Zhasyby (the latter belongs to EEC)

Large enterprises of the city:

• GKP Gorvodokanal,
• Aksu Electric Networks JSC
• Gorkomkhoz-Aksu LLP,
• GKKP "Aksu-Kommunservis",
• JSC Aksuskoye PATP,
• LLP "Aksu beketi",
• Sail LLP,
• LLP "DANiER",
• AksuSpetsStroyServis LLP.

The city has more than 900 small and medium-sized businesses.

About 3835 people work at small and medium-sized enterprises, which produce goods and services worth over 500 million tenge . The most important strategic object of the city is the Irtysh-Karaganda Canal named after I. Satpayev . The Irtysh-Karaganda Canal is the main supplier of drinking water to the central and northern parts of Kazakhstan.

Religious and educational life

There are 7 religious associations in the city, including a mosque , two Orthodox churches, a seventh-day Adventist Christian church, a community of evangelical Christian Baptists , the New Life evangelical Christian church, and the Jehovah's Witnesses Religious Association.

There are 50 institutions in Aksu in the field of education: 27 schools (3 incomplete), colleges No. 3, No. 19, named after G. Musa, Kazakh gymnasium, school-lyceum, 11 elementary elementary schools; 3 extracurricular institutions: House of children's creativity, art school, station for young naturalists; 6 preschool institutions.

The recreation center of the townspeople is a culture and leisure park, the Palace of Culture named after Sabit Donentaev, and cultural and leisure centers of rural settlements.

At the service of citizens in the city there is a centralized library with a book fund of more than 78 thousand copies, having modem connections with libraries of rural districts. In 2000, our library, one of the first in the region, introduced an electronic system for providing services to the population through e-mail.

Health and Sport

The city’s healthcare structure includes the Aksu Central Hospital, the city polyclinic, the village hospital of Kalkaman village, a tuberculosis dispensary, an ambulance station, 11 rural family medical outpatient clinics, including one private.

Aksu is a city of athletes. The city has all the conditions for physical education and sports. It offers citizens the Sports Palace. Imanzhusupa Kutpanova, a swimming pool, a fitness center, a 5000-seat stadium, a youth sports school, sports grounds in the microdistricts of the city and rural region.

Chairmen of the executive committee of the Ermakov city council of people's deputies

from 1961 to February 28, 1992

• Trusov, Vasily Ivanovich - from March 1962 to March 1969
• Moskalenko, Klara Arturovna - from March 1969 to January 1971
• Agimbetov, Bashay Agimbetovich - from January 1971 to December 1982
• Nagmanov, Kazhmurat Ibraevich - from December 1982 to May 1987
• Mendybekov, Amangeldy Urazakovich - from May 1987 to February 1992

Heads of the Aksu City Administration

from February 19, 1992 to October 7, 1995

• Shokarev, Vladimir Ilyich - from February 1992 to September 1994
• Trusov, Evgeny Mikhailovich - from September 1994 to October 1995

Akims of the city of Aksu

since October 7, 1995

• Trusov, Evgeny Mikhailovich - from October 1995 to July 1997
• Syzdykov, Tito Uahapovich - from July 1997 to November 1999
• Nabiev, Nurlan Abzalovich - from November 1999 to December 2003
• Orazalinov, Ilyubay Atagayevich - from December 2003 to September 2007
• Kairgeldinov, Orazgeldy Aligazinovich - from November 2007 to October 2011
• Bakauov, Bulat Zhumabekovich - from October 2011 to April 2014
• Nukenov, Kairat Temirshotovich - from June 2014 to April 2016
• Dyusimbinov, Nurlan Shaikslyamovich - from April 2016 to November 2017
• Dychko, Nikolai Vasilievich - from November 2017 to October 2018
• Ibraev, Balgabay Zhumagulovich - from October 2018 to the present

On April 12, 2013, by a joint decision of the Akimat of Pavlodar region and the maslikhat of Pavlodar region, changes were made to the administrative-territorial structure of the Aksu region, in particular, the number of rural districts was reduced, and the village of Aksu was included in the administrative subordination of the city of Aksu.

As a result of the territorial change, the rural region of Aksu city consists of 6 rural districts:

1. Algabas rural district
2. Kalkaman rural district
3. Dostyk rural district
4. Kyzylzhar rural district
5. Evgenievsky rural district
6. Rural district named after Mamait Omarov

Agricultural specialization of the rural region of the city of Aksu: meat and dairy farming, vegetable and potato, poultry . Wheat , millet , buckwheat , feed crops for livestock are grown. As of 2001, there were 512 tractors, 48 ​​grain combines , 140 seeders , 83 plows, 200 trucks, 1 workshop for the production of sunflower oil, 1 sausage workshop, 7 mini-bakeries, 1 workshop for the production of flour.

In total, 6 agricultural enterprises and 361 peasant farms are engaged in agricultural production in the rural area of ​​the city of Aksu.

• Mira street - Astana street;
• Tsareva street - to Bauyrzhan Momyshly street;
• Enthusiasts Street - Manshuk Mametova Street;
• Zavodskaya street, located in microdistrict 7A - Nikolay Berdnikov street;
• Kooperativnaya street - Ivan Suptel street;
• Sovetova street - Aliya Moldagulova street;
• Molodezhnaya Street - Chihuaz Dospanova Street ^[5]

• City website
• Aksu // Kazakhstan. National Encyclopedia . - Almaty: Kazakh encyclopedias , 2004. - T. I. - ISBN 9965-9389-9-7 .
• Non-guide to the city of Aksu, Pavlodar region