Jamshedpur [1] , or Tatanagar [1] ( Hindi जमशेदपुर , Beng. জামশেদপুর , English Jamshedpur ) is a city in the Indian state of Jharkhand . The administrative center of East Singhbhum County. The largest city in the state of Jharkhand . Jamshedpur is the first city in India built in accordance with a pre- designed plan . According to the 2011 census of India, the city had a population of 1,337,131; Jamshedpur forms the third most populated urban metropolitan area in East India (after Calcutta and Patna ). [2]
| City | |
| Jamshedpur | |
|---|---|
| hindi जमशेदपुर English Jamshedpur | |
| A country |  India |
| State | Jharkhand |
| Area | East Singhbhum |
| History and Geography | |
| Based | |
| Square | |
| Center height | 134 m |
| Timezone | UTC + 5: 30 |
| Population | |
| Population | 1,337,131 people ( 2011 ) |
| Official language | and |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | +91 657 |
| Postal codes | 831 001 |
| Car code | Jh05 |
| jamshedpur.nic.in (English) | |
Content
History
Indian industrialist Jamsheji Nasarvanji Tata asked geologist Charles Page Perin to help him choose the location for the construction of India’s first steel plant. The search for a place rich in iron ore, coal, limestone and water began in April 1904 in the modern state of Madhya Pradesh . The search took almost 3 years. The final choice was stopped at the village of Sakchi, located in the area of the Chhota-Nagpur plateau, at the confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai ( English ) [3] .
The construction of factories and the city began in 1908 [3] . On February 16, 1912, the first Indian steel mill was launched. This was a significant event in the history of industry in India [4] .
Geography and climate
The city is located in the southern part of the state, on the Chota Nagpur plateau, surrounded by the Dalma hills. The rivers Subarnarakha and Harkai surround Jamshedpur from the north and west, respectively. Both rivers are used as a source of drinking water for the city population. The height of the city above sea level is 134 m [5] . According to the seismic zoning of India, Jamshedpur belongs to seismic zone 2 (low risk of damage) [6] .
The climate of Jamshedpur is characterized as a tropical climate with dry winters and rainy summers . Summer lasts from mid-March to June, the average maximums in this period vary from 34.4 ° C to 39.6 ° C. The coldest months are December and January, with average lows of 11.7 ° C. The rainy season lasts from June to September; The annual rainfall is about 1270 mm.
| Climate Jamshedpur | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Absolute maximum, ° C | 34.6 | 38.6 | 42.5 | 46.3 | 46.5 | 46.6 | 39.7 | 38.6 | 36.0 | 35.8 | 34.8 | 32,5 | 46.6 |
| Average maximum, ° C | 26.2 | 29.3 | 34,4 | 38.9 | 39.6 | 36,2 | 32,3 | 31.8 | 32.1 | 31.5 | 29.0 | 26.2 | 32,3 |
| Average temperature, ° C | 19.0 | 21.9 | 26.5 | 31.3 | 32.9 | 31,2 | 28.7 | 28.5 | 28,4 | 26.6 | 22.6 | 19.0 | 26,4 |
| Average minimum ° C | 11.7 | 14.5 | 18.6 | 23.7 | 26.2 | 26.2 | 25.1 | 25,2 | 24.6 | 21.7 | 16.1 | 11.7 | 20,4 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | 4.4 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 16,2 | 17.7 | 16,4 | 20.7 | 18,4 | 18.9 | 11,2 | 6.6 | 4,5 | 4.4 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 14 | 25.7 | 26.1 | 31.5 | 57.2 | 205.3 | 292.5 | 306.5 | 208.8 | 82,2 | 10.1 | 6.1 | 1272 |
| Source: [1] [2] | |||||||||||||
Population
According to the 2011 census, the population of the Jamshedpur agglomeration is 1,337,131 people [7] . The population of the city itself according to the same census is 725 623 people. Men make up 52.1% of the population; women - 47.9%. The average literacy rate is 85.94%, which is higher than the national average of 74%. 11.5% of the population are children under the age of 6 years.
The most common languages in the city are Hindi , Bengali and English. Other languages of India are also widely spoken, due to migration from other parts of the country. The most significant languages of the tribal groups are Santali and Ho .
Economics
The surroundings of Jamshedpur are rich in iron ore, coal, bauxite and limestone. This is a modern industrial city, the main industries include ferrous metallurgy, the production of tin, trucks, cement, as well as a number of other goods.
The Tata Steel plant is located almost in the city center; It is both the largest and oldest steel mill in India. According to the rating of Fortune Global 500 for 2012, Tata Steel takes 401 place among the 500 largest corporations in the world. According to Brand Finance and The Economic Times 2010 annual review, it is the eighth most expensive Indian brand. Currently, the plant has 9 blast furnaces; the company employs about 26,500 workers. There are plans to expand the plants in order to increase productivity from 7 to 10 million tons per year. With 10 tons per year, it will be the largest steel mill in the world, located on one territory. The Tata Steel plant covers about one fourth of the total area of Jamshedpur.
Another large industrial enterprise in the city is the Tata Motors plant , which produces trucks, construction and earthmoving equipment. The plant area is 822 acres; the enterprise at peak speed is capable of producing up to 450 cars per day [8] . Tata Motors is the 18th largest car manufacturer in the world, the 4th largest truck manufacturer and the 2nd largest bus manufacturer in terms of output. The 2012 Fortune Global 500 ranked Tata Motors in 314th position.
Near the Tata Motors factory is located the Tata Cummins Ltd. factory . (a joint venture of Tata Motors and Cummins India ltd .), producing diesel engines for Tata Motor s. Not far from the Tata Motors factory is also the Lafarge Cement . The Tata Tinplate factory is engaged in the production of tin. The Praxair and Brin's Oxygen Company (BOC) plants produce liquefied oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. Tata Power’s large coal-fired thermal power plant produces most of the electricity needed for the city’s needs.
Transport
The Tatanagar Railway Station in Jamshedpur is part of the Chakradharpur section of the Southeast Indian Railways and is one of the state’s most important railway junctions. This is one of the busiest stations in the Southeast zone.
Several national highways run through Jamshedpur. Distances to major cities by road: Ranchi (131 km), Dhanbad (180 km), Calcutta (250 km), Patna (480 km). Currently, the city is served by the small Sonari Airport; only charter flights are operated . There are plans to build a new large airport on the outskirts of Jamshedpur.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Geographic Encyclopedic Dictionary: Geographic Names / Ed. E. B. Alaev et al., Ch. ed. A.F. Treshnikov . - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989. - 2nd ed. - S. 149-150. - 592 p. ISBN 5-85270-057-6
- ↑ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/india2/Million_Plus_UAs_Cities_2011.pdf
- ↑ 1 2 Sakchi- an end to the search of Iron-ore in Steel making process . Tatasteel100.com (February 27, 1908). Date of treatment July 13, 2012.
- ↑ History of Steel Making Begins, Gradual Development of Indian Steel Company . Tatasteel100.com (February 16, 1912). Date of treatment July 13, 2012.
- ↑ Jamshedpur, India Page . Fallingrain Global Gazetteer. Date of appeal September 23, 2013.
- ↑ :: ASC :: Seismicity of Jharkhand, India . Asc-india.org. Date of treatment July 13, 2012.
- ↑ Urban Agglomerations / Cities having population 1 lakh and above . Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Date of access September 3, 2012.
- ↑ Singh, Ankush . Slowdown squeeze on Tatas - Five-day holiday to halt assembly of commercial vehicles , The Telegraph (November 6, 2008).