Arkady Viktorovich Belinkov ( 1921 - 1970 ) - Russian prose writer and literary critic . Known as the author of books about Yuri Tynyanov and Yuri Olesha .
| Arkady Belinkov | |
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| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | New Haven (Connecticut) |
| Citizenship (citizenship) | |
| Occupation | prose writer, literary critic |
| Language of Works | |
Content
Biography
Born in the family of an economist, an employee of the State Planning Commission of the USSR and head of the Central Accounting Department of the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR Viktor Lazarevich Belinkov ( 1901 - 1980 ) and a teacher, an employee of the Scientific Center for the Children's Book of Mirra (Mariam) Naumovna Belinkova (nee Hamburg, 1900 - 1971 ), natives of Gomel [1 ] [2] [3] [4] . V. L. Belinkov was the author of the "Practical Guide for the Accounting for the Production and Calculation of Products of Saddlery Industry" ( 1940 ).
In connection with the disease (congenital heart disease) received a home education. He studied at the Literary Institute , in particular, under V. Shklovsky , and at Moscow University .
During the Great Patriotic War, he was for some time a correspondent of TASS , was a member of a commission investigating the damage caused by German troops to historical monuments.
At this time, Belinkov wrote the novel "Draft of feelings", which he read in a circle of acquaintances. The heroine of the novel - Literature, personified in the image of Mariana - that was the name of the girl with whom student Belinkov was in love. The main character - his name, like the author, is Arkady - strolling with literature on rainy Moscow, like Pygmalion and Galatea [5] . The prototype of the main character was Belinkov's classmate M. Ts. Ryss, later the wife of the mathematician B.V. Shabat [6] .
Belinkov was arrested for anti-Soviet literary activity on January 29, 1944 [7] . According to Belinkov himself, after a lengthy investigation he was sentenced to death, but after the intervention of A.N. Tolstoy and V. B. Shklovsky, the death penalty was commuted to a prison term. According to the archives, on August 5, 1944, the CCA under the NKVD of the USSR was sentenced to eight years in prison on charges of article 58-10, part 2. (anti-Soviet agitation in a military situation). Sent to Karlag , where he was instructed to lead a drama circle. [8] [9] [10] . In conclusion, he wrote three works: “Alepaul Elegy”, “Anti-Fascist Novel”, “Utopian Novel”, for which he was arrested on a denunciation on May 25, 1951 (A. I. Solzhenitsyn in the “Gulag Archipelago” reveals the name of the alleged scammer - Kermaier [11 ] ) in the Karlag camp in the village of Samarka , and on August 28, 1951, was sentenced to 25 years by the Military Tribunal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kazakh SSR under Articles 58-8 (terrorism) and 58-10 (anti-Soviet agitation). In the first case, it was rehabilitated on July 5, 1963 by the presidium of the Moscow City Court, in the second case, only on November 3, 1989 by the presidium of the Supreme Court of the Kazakh SSR [12] [13] .
In the fall of 1956, Belinkov was granted amnesty, was able to get a higher education diploma in Moscow, taught at the Literary Institute for some time, then studied literature , in particular, wrote many articles for the Brief Literary Encyclopedia , for example, an article about A. Blok . Wolfgang Cossack noted "Belinkov’s gift of allegory to transform the past into the present." In 1968, chapters from Belinkov’s book about Yuri Olesha appeared in the Baikal magazine (with a preface by K. Chukovsky ). This publication was “ideologically flogged” [14] in Literaturnaya Gazeta [15] , which led to the reformation of the editorial board of the journal.
In the same 1968, Belinkov took advantage of a trip to Hungary in order to escape from there through Yugoslavia to the West with his wife, Natalia Belinkova (Ur. Dergacheva). He settled in the USA and taught at several universities. He announced his withdrawal from the Union of Writers of the USSR and joined the PEN Club . As Omri Ronen recalls:
Belinkov used literature as an instrument of political agitation. He knew one passion - political. Apolitical poetry, “I remember a wonderful moment”, was in his system only the result of the fact that Pushkin was forbidden to write political poems. But he got to America during university riots. He wanted lectures on the history or theory of literature. He talked about the camps and the outrages in the Union of Soviet Writers. Students did not like it. On May 1, 1970, he phoned me in Cambridge. In New Haven, thousands of red flags fluttered under its windows. I reassured him, saying that all this will pass by the next school year (it happened). He did not believe, and most importantly, was shocked that communism caught up with him where he hoped to find refuge from him. His sore heart could not stand it. After 12 days, he died [16] .
In January 1970, at a conference in London on censorship in the USSR, it was decided to create a new periodical, the New Bell, designed to "express the point of view of the newest emigrants from the Soviet Union on events taking place in politics and society" [17] . Arkady Belinkov was elected the chief editor of the new collection. The editors also included A. Kuznetsov , L. Vladimirov , M. Dyomin (Georgy Trifonov) , I. Yeltsov, E. Stein and A. Yakushev. The first and only issue of the collection was published in 1972 after the death of Belinkov. The widow of the writer was engaged in its preparation.
Belinkov’s book about Olesha was published under the title “Surrender and Death of a Soviet Intellectual” in the West in 1976 , and in Russia 21 years later. The novel “Draft of Feelings” and Belinkov’s camp works returned from the FSB archives in the 1990s are also published.
Publications
- Arkady Belinkov . Poet and fat man. // Baikal, 1968 No. 1. P. 103-109; No. 2. S. 100-111.
- Arkady Belinkov . From the archive // Znamya magazine 2000, No. 2
Books
- Yuri Tynyanov. - M.: Soviet writer, 1961; 2nd ed. - 1965.
- The surrender and death of the Soviet intellectual. Yuri Olesha, Madrid , 1976; abbr. ed. - M.: RIC "Culture", 1997 (foreword by M. Chudakova ).
- Draft of feelings. - M.: Alexander Sevastyanov, 1996.
- Russia and hell. - M .: Publishing house of the magazine "Star", 2000.
- Arkady Belinkov, Natalia Belinkova . Disagreement with the eyelid. In two voices. - M.: New Literary Review , 2008.
Notes
- ↑ Tombstone at Vostryakovsky Jewish cemetery
- ↑ Alexander Malkin “Not Surrendered Russian Intelligent”
- ↑ Natalia Belinkova-Yablokova “Teacher and student” Archived on July 21, 2012.
- ↑ Natalia Belinkova "Disagreement with the eyelid"
- ↑ Berg, M. Draft of feelings.
- ↑ Murina, E. Arkady Belinkov in 1943.
- ↑ Archive of Research and Production Center “Memorial”, Moscow
- ↑ Marlene Corallov “The Last Days of David Hoffshtein”
- ↑ Dora Sturman “Two Emigrations of Arkady Belinkov”
- ↑ Belinkov Arkady Viktorovich on the site of the Memorial society
- ↑ Solzhenitsyn, A.I. Gulag Archipelago . - M.: AST-Astrel, 2010 .-- T. 2 .-- S. 253.
- ↑ Victims of political terror in the USSR
- ↑ Investigation of Viktor Belinkov
- ↑ Leiderman Naum . The drama of self-denial // Ural, 2008 N 12
- ↑ Yu. Andreev. Masterful constructions and scientific objectivity // Literary newspaper 1968, May 15; "Replica" (anonymous) // Literary newspaper 1968, July 5; Vl. Zhukov. Vasisualy Belinkov elects “Crow's Creek” // Literary newspaper 1968, August 14;
- ↑ Omri Ronen . True historian // Lurie, Ya. S. In the land of frightened idiots. - SPb., 2005 .-- S. 8.
- ↑ P. Matveyev “Tech Five” is almost invisible. "
Literature
- Cossack V. Lexicon of Russian literature of the XX century = Lexikon der russischen Literatur ab 1917 / [trans. with him.]. - M .: RIC "Culture", 1996. - XVIII, 491, [1] p. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 5-8334-0019-8 .
- Gayevsky, V. Belinkov Method // New Newspaper. - M. , 2014 .-- October 17. - No. 117 . Archived March 22, 2015.
- Lobkov E. Radishchev of the XX century. // Lobkov E. Frank conversation. Chelyabinsk. 2012.