Gemin ( Dr. Greek Γεμῖνος , I century BC ) - an ancient Greek mathematician and astronomer .
| Gemin | |
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| Γεμῖνος | |
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| Scientific field | mathematics , astronomy |
Nothing is known about Gemin's life. Her dating is the middle of the 1st century BC. e. based on calendar astronomical indications contained in its Introduction . It is assumed that he lived in Rhodes , because in this essay he mentions the mountains of this island. It is generally accepted that he was a student of Posidonius . However, a number of researchers on the basis of the same calendar-astronomical indications attribute Gemin's life to the middle of the 1st century A.D. e.
Content
Astronomy
The only surviving work of Gemin is called “ Introduction to Celestial Phenomena ” ( dr. Greek Εἰσαγωγὴ εἰς τὰ Φαινόμενα ). This is an initial course of astronomy , based on the work of earlier ancient Greek astronomers, such as Hipparchus , as well as on Babylonian sources. Treatises of Cleomedes and Theon of Smyrnsky that have reached us belong to the same type of works. The Gemin textbook covers the following topics:
- the zodiacal movement of the Sun and the inequality of astronomical seasons;
- aspects of the zodiac signs;
- constellations
- device of the celestial sphere: axis, poles, large and small circles;
- the length of the day and night at different times of the year and at different latitudes;
- Sunrises and approaches of the zodiac signs;
- lunar and solar periods and the device of the Egyptian and ancient Greek calendars (8-year, 19-year , 76-year cycles);
- phases of the moon ;
- lunar and solar eclipses;
- the reverse movement of the sun, moon and planets in relation to the celestial sphere;
- heliakic sunrise and sunset;
- geographical zones , the question of habitability of the equatorial belt;
- heliakic sunrises and sunsets as signs of weather signs;
- exeligmos and Babylonian lunar theory.
Math
Gemin composed an extensive treatise on mathematics . This work has not been preserved, but it is quoted by Proclus , Yevtokiy , al-Nairizi and other authors. Proclus reports that Gemin in the Good Philosophy divided mathematics into conceivable ( νοητά ) and sensual ( αἴσθητα ), in other words, into pure and applied. He related geometry and arithmetic to the first, and mechanics , astronomy, optics , geodesy , canonics (the theory of musical harmony) and logistics (the art of computing) to the second.
Other
Gemin also composed a commentary on the Meteorology of Posidonius , fragments of which are preserved in the commentary of Simplicius on the Physics of Aristotle .
A crater on the moon is named in his honor.
Bibliography
Compositions
- Gemin. Introduction to the phenomena. Per. A.I. Shchetnikova. ΣΧΟΛΗ , 5, 2011, p. 174-233.
- Elementa Astronomiae Gemina in ancient Greek and German.
- Géminos. Introduction aux Phénomènes . Texte établi et traduit par G. Aujac. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1975. ( abstract )
- Evans J., Berggren J. Geminos's Introduction to the Phenomena. A Translation and Study of a Hellenistic Survey of Astronomy. . Princeton UP, 2006.
Research
- Bowen AC, Goldstein BR Geminus and the concept of mean motion in Greco-Latin astronomy. Archive of History of Exact Sciences , 50, 1996, p. 157-185.
- Jones A. Geminus and the Isia. Harvard Studies in Classical Philology , 99, 1999, 255-267.
- Neugebauer O. A history of ancient mathematical astronomy. Berlin: Springer, 1975.
- van der Waerden BL Greek astronomical calendars. V. The motion of the Sun in the Parapegma of Geminos and in the Romaka-Siddhanta. Archive of History of Exact Sciences , 34, 1985, p. 231-239.
Links
- John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson . Gemin (mathematician) (eng.) - biography in the MacTutor archive.
- Shawl, Michelle . A historical review of the origin and development of geometric methods , § 19. M., 1883