A - control panel in the central post;
B - shut-off remotes; C - cylinders with freon;
D - block "Rotor";
I, II, III - compartments
Boat volumetric chemical protection ( VOC ) - a system of volumetric chemical fire extinguishing . Used in submarines.
Freon is used as a fire extinguisher. In each compartment of the submarine there is a station of the LOX system, from which the fire extinguisher can be fed into its own or neighboring compartments. The system is used to extinguish large fires at any stage of their development. [1] Not applicable for extinguishing fires of gunpowders, explosives and two-component rocket fuels. [2]
Content
Principle and Description
The submarine is a man-made hermetically sealed object with an artificial gas environment. The use of a large amount of combustible materials in combination with an oxygen-enriched artificial gas atmosphere at various pressures makes the boat extremely fire hazard. For this reason, with the aim of preventing fires and fighting them, in the naval governing documents “Rules of the Navy Diving Service” (2002) and “Manual on the Submarine Survivability” (1971) the oxygen content in the gas environment of pressurized rooms (pressure chambers, compartments submarines) is allowed no more than 25%. [3]
LOC was developed after a fire on a submarine K-19 .
The principle of operation of the VOC system: chemical effect on the combustion points. The extinguisher works as an anticatalyst, a moderator of combustion reactions until they are completely stopped (combustion inhibitor). Contrary to popular belief, it does not displace oxygen. Oxygen is consumed for combustion. On submarines, tetrafluorodibromoethane (Freon 114B2) with a purity of 99.5% is used as a fire extinguisher. LOK is a volumetric chemical fire extinguishing system . Freon and freon are synonyms.
The supply of freon is guaranteed to extinguish the fire at any stage of its development for a period of about sixty seconds at normal pressure and oxygen content in the atmosphere of the compartment. [four]
The difference in design from traditional gas fire extinguishing systems is explained by the need to extinguish the air regeneration system containing sodium peroxide . Sodium peroxide is an oxidizing agent. In a mixture with flammable substances, it is explosive. It is highly flammable when wetted with a small amount of water.
Application
The control of the supply of VOC (on nuclear boats starting from the third generation) is carried out through the Molybdenum system of general ship systems (ACS). You can activate the fire extinguishing system from the central console (in the CPU) for any compartment or directly in the compartment (only for its compartment and neighboring compartments). The Rotor unit is built into the central console to record the parameters displayed by Molybdenum and the passing commands - an analogue of the black box in aviation.
Submarine Project 641B, V compartment. Red highlighted "feed" (own compartment)
When the LOX is turned on, an audible alarm sounds by a howler and a freon is launched into the compartment, displaced from the cylinders with compressed air.
The personnel of the compartment in which the freon is started should wear PDA for several seconds, allowing them to breathe for about 20 minutes. During the allotted time, the personnel of the emergency compartment must perform the primary measures to combat the survivability of the ship, switch to IP-6 ( gas mask ) or SDA ( hose breathing apparatus ) and continue the struggle for survivability in their compartment.
As a result of an unauthorized launch of the VOC on the Russian N-KP N-15 nuclear submarine in 2008, 20 people died from a toxic coma.
The fourth-generation Russian non-nuclear submarines use new-generation chemical systems based on nitrogen. [five]
See also
- Gas extinguishing
Notes
- ↑ Romanov D.A. The tragedy of the submarine Komsomolets. St. Petersburg: 1993.S. 26
- ↑ RBW PL 82. Appendix 3. Means of fighting fires
- ↑ Pavlov Nikolay Borisovich. Physiological effect of high partial pressure of argon on the human body and animals. Abstract of the dissertation. M .: 2006
- ↑ Romanov D.A. The tragedy of the submarine Komsomolets. St. Petersburg: 1993.S. 43
- ↑ Kormilitsin Yu. N. , Halizev O. A. Submarine construction. - SPb. : "Elmore", 2008 . - T. 1. - 336 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-7399-0146-4 .
Links
- PE on Nerpa Lenta.ru , 2008
- Fight for survivability