Petarda ( FR. Pétard - “noise, scandal”, “anxiety”) [1] [2] [3] [4]
- signal subversive charge to stop the train ;
- small explosive pyrotechnic product.
Below we are talking about entertainment firecrackers belonging to hazard classes 2 and 3 [5] [6] .
Content
Device
A firecracker is a paper or cardboard sleeve filled with a pyrotechnic composition. According to the method of ignition, firecrackers are wick and flow. First, a fire-leading substance (based on phosphorus ) or a wick is ignited , then the fire is transferred to black powder with a moderator, and after about five seconds the flame reaches a bursting charge (usually a mixture of powdered magnesium and potassium perchlorate ), which creates high pressure, eventually tearing the shell, resulting in a loud clap. In wick firecrackers, as the name implies, the wick is set on fire, and scorched fires are set on fire, like ordinary matches, with a special coating on the package or with a matchbox.
Application
After ignition of the wick (or grater spread, depending on the type), the firecracker explodes with a deafening clap, which is its entertaining effect. From the ignition to the explosion, a short time passes (a few seconds), sufficient for the person using the firecracker to have time to throw it or to retire to a safe distance. Some firecrackers have additional effects: whistling, scattering sparks. Firecrackers of firecrackers can be used, giving a series of numerous explosions.
Danger
If safety precautions are not followed or fakes are used, firecrackers can pose a threat to human health and life [7] . In the United States, more than a thousand injuries are caused each year due to the use of firecrackers, at least a quarter of them are due to small firecrackers and a quarter are due to counterfeit products. Many of the victims are children [8] .
The blast radius of the explosion of the most powerful firecrackers allowed for free sale is several centimeters, which leads to severe damage to the limbs (up to the detachment) when the firecrackers explode in their hands. The high- explosive action of the most powerful firecrackers is observed in a radius of about a meter from the point of detonation : shell shock is possible in this zone.
Firecrackers must be used by persons over 16 or 18 years old (depending on the power of the firecrackers), and some firecrackers are sold with special documents. They cannot be held burning in hands. When using, it is necessary to move away to a safe distance. It is strictly forbidden to throw firecrackers at people, animals, cars.
The use of firecrackers at night leads to administrative responsibility in some cities. Causing damage to property or human health - to civil or criminal liability [9] .
It is forbidden to sell pyrotechnics to persons under the age of 16 years (in Russia [10] , Belarus [11] ), or 18 years (in many European countries) [12] .
See also
- Explosion pack
- Piston
Notes
- ↑ Petard - a firecracker, a clapperboard, and in French still sensational news, noise and scandal.
- ↑ PETARD m 1) pop noise, tararam, scandal, high, scream 2) arg alarm, danger, shuher 3) pop weapon, revolver, "gun" 4) arg cigarette with drug 4) pop see derche
- ↑ In the jargon there is also “ass”, “fart” ( D. Kelly. Gunpowder. From alchemy to artillery. - M .: Kolibri, 2005. - P. 179. - 340 p. - (Things in themselves). - 5000 copies . - ISBN 5-98720-012-1 . )
- ↑ Translation from French into Russian pétard (unavailable link from 16-01-2016 [1287 days])
- ↑ http://www.rg.ru/2007/01/12/petardy.html "Pyrotechnics themselves are divided into five hazard classes .."
- ↑ Pyrotechnics: New Year without consequences , Guarantor (December 21, 2015). Date of treatment January 16, 2016. "II class - fountains and firecrackers."
- ↑ http://www.finmarket.ru/main/article/742189 “Experts call the causes of injuries from pyrotechnics both non-compliance with safety measures at startup and the use of unlicensed pyrotechnics.”
- ↑ 2014 Fireworks Annual Report Fireworks-Related Deaths, Emergency Department-Treated Injuries, and Enforcement Activities During 2014 . US Consumer Product Safety Commission (June 2015). - “There were an estimated 1,400 emergency department-treated injuries associated with firecrackers. Of these, an estimated 26 percent were associated with small firecrackers, an estimated 28 percent with illegal firecrackers. " Date of treatment January 16, 2016.
- ↑ Pyrotechnics: New Year without consequences , Guarantor (December 21, 2015). Date of treatment January 16, 2016.
- ↑ Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 22, 2009 N 1052 Moscow "On approval of fire safety requirements for the distribution and use of pyrotechnic products" , "RG" - Federal issue No. 5075 (December 28, 2009). Date of treatment January 16, 2016. “11. The sale of pyrotechnic products is prohibited: ..b) for persons under the age of 16 (unless the manufacturer has established another age limit); ”
- ↑ Pyrotechnics - not a toy , Belarusian Military Newspaper, Issue No. 233 (12/08/2015). Date of treatment January 16, 2016.
- ↑ See Consumer fireworks regulations for more information .
Links
- First aid for burns from firecrackers and rockets (Pravda.ru, DEC 26, 2007)