Vulcano ( Italian: Isola di Vulcano , sits . Vurcanu ) - a small volcanic island in Italy , in the Tyrrhenian Sea . Located 25 kilometers north of Sicily , it is the southernmost of the Aeolian Islands . The island has an area of 21 km², the height of the island is 499 meters. The island is a volcanic massif with several craters , one of which is active (one of the four active volcanoes in Italy). The last eruption on the Vulcano occurred in 1888-1890. There are fumaroles on the island.
| Volcano | |
|---|---|
| ital. Isola di vulcano | |
 | |
| Specifications | |
| Square | 21 km² |
| Highest point | 499 m |
| Population | 470 people (2008) |
| Population density | 22.38 people / km² |
| Location | |
| Archipelago | Aeolian Islands |
| Water area | Tyrrhenian Sea |
| A country |
|
| Region | Sicily |
| Provinces | Messina |
Relief
The relief of the island is complex. The southern part of the island is the most elevated. On it are located the old cones of stratovolcanoes — Monte Aria mountains (499 m, the highest point of the island), Monte Saraken (481 m) and Monte Lucia (188 m).
In the central part of the island rises the volcanic cone of Foss , on top of which there is a large crater. Over the past 6000 years, there have been at least 7 major eruptions through the large Fossa crater, the last in 1888-1890.
In the northern part of the island is Mount Vulcanello (123 m), which is connected to the rest of the island by a narrow isthmus. The isthmus during a storm floods with water. Vulcanello appeared as a separate island after the eruption in 183 BC. e. After the eruption of 1553, lava flows from Vulcano formed a narrow isthmus and Vulcanello became a peninsula.
History
In Greek mythology, the island was the home of the god of the winds Aeolus . The Romans believed that the island served as a forge of the god Vulcan . Since ancient Rome, the island has been a source of building materials - stone and wood, the island has been mining sulfur and alum . Until the end of the 19th century, the extraction of sulfur was the main occupation of the island's inhabitants.
After the unification of Italy in 1860, Briton James Stevensen bought the northern part of the island and built a villa. He closed the development of sulfur and alum and broke vineyards on the island's fertile volcanic soils. The island's grapes were used to make Malvasia wine.
Modernity
Currently, 470 people live on the island (2008). Residents are mainly engaged in serving tourists. The island is located just a few minutes away by hydrofoil from the neighboring island of Lipari , which has several hotels and cafes. Vulcano attracts tourists with its beaches, hot springs and sulfuric mud baths .
Gallery
Links
- Vulcano // The Eightfold Path - The Germans. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2006. - P. 97. - ( Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 6). - ISBN 5-85270-335-4 .