Ribat (from Arabic: رباط - hotel) - originally means a guardhouse or fortification, which was many in many places on the borders of the Islamic region to protect them. Later, such structures were used to protect communications and served as centers of the Sufi mystical culture.
Content
Sufism
The first gatherings of Sufis were held in the Ribats, which were engaged not only in worship, but were also selfless soldiers. It is believed that the first ribat was founded in 767 in Abadan by Abdul-Wahid ibn Zeid. According to other sources, in the 9th century in Ramla, near Damascus in honor of the Kufi Abu Hashim [1] .
The practice of gathering in the ribatas has spread to many regions of the Islamic world. It is known that Abu Ishaq al-Qazaruni founded 65 rebates in Iran. Residents of the Ribats took an active part in the defense of Islamic territories from the external aggression of the Crusaders , Indian pagans and the Spanish Reconquista [1] .
See also
- Murabut - Sufi hermit
- Rabat Malik - the ruins of a medieval ribat in Uzbekistan
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Ali Zadeh, 2007 .
Literature
- Ali-zade A. A. Takya // Islamic Encyclopedic Dictionary . - M .: Ansar , 2007 .-- 400 p. - (The Golden Fund of Islamic Thought). - ISBN 5-98443-025-8 .
- Hassan S. Khalilieh. The Ribat System and Its Role in Coastal Navigation // Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient , Vol. 42, No. 2 (1999), pp. 212-225 (Focusing on a coastal ribat system on the eastern Mediterranean and Indian Ocean which provided refuge for traders from pirates and hostile fleets).
- Majid Khadduri. War And Peace in the Law of Islam . Johns Hopkins Press, (1955) ISBN 1-58477-695-1 . p.81.
Links
- "The Ribats in Morocco and their influence in the spread of knowledge and tasawwuf" from: al-Imra'a al-Maghribiyya wa't-Tasawwuf (The Moroccan Woman and Tasawwuf in the Eleventh Century) by Mustafa 'Abdu's-Salam al- Mahmah)
- Ribat of Soussa, Muslim invention of rib vaulting? on muslimheritage.com, dated February 23, 2003.