Inclinometer

By measurement methods

Two main groups:

• Direct measurement devices with sensors of the Earth's gravitational field, geomagnetic field, gyroscopic effect and tele-sensing;
• Indirect measurement device using surface orientation methods, sequential strokes, as well as seismic data, radar, magnetometric methods and other sources.

By the number of axles

Three main groups of tilt sensors are distinguished: these are single-axis (X-axis), two-axis (X and Y axes) and three-axis (X, Y and Z axes).

By the static object

At an object in a static state, the inclinometer measures the angular characteristics of its spatial location. However, on a moving, vibrating, accelerating object, the sensor readings also depend on accelerations. Therefore, in some cases, the inclinometer is part of complex measurement systems containing accelerometers and devices for processing information from sensors.

Depending on the values ​​of the speeds of the controlled object and the specific control objectives, inclinometers can have completely different dynamic characteristics. So, for example, there are disposable inclinometers.

By registering measurements

Mechanical, photographic, electrometric and chemical methods of registration are used. Registration can be carried out both in the inclinometer directly and remotely. At the beginning of the XXI century, remote electronic registration methods were mainly used.

In practice, a variety of inclinometer designs have been used in well drilling.

IR-2

So, the IR-2 inclinometer consists of an in-depth device (sensor) and a recording ground station (control panel), interconnected electrically via a wireline cable.

The main three sensing elements of the device:

• frame
• plumb
• compass

In the upper part of the frame there is a collector and brushes used to connect the rechord of angles or the rechord of azimuths. The resistance of the angle reochord is proportional to the angle of deviation of the well from the vertical, and the azimuth rechord is proportional to the azimuth.

The values ​​of the angle and azimuth are fixed by a switching mechanism under the influence of an electromagnet.

The diameter of the downhole tool is 58 mm, the limits of measurement of angles of deviation from the vertical are 0-50 °, and the azimuth is 0-360 °. The error in the measurement of deviation angles is not more than ± 0 ° 30 ¢, azimuth - not more than ± 4 °.

• In mining, the angle and azimuth of the curvature of the borehole are determined with an inclinometer, thereby controlling its spatial position.
• In cranes, inclinometers are used to control the working and residual deflections of the boom, as well as to control the angle of inclination of the crane as a whole. Indirectly, according to the testimony of several inclinometers, the load on the boom can be measured.
• Control of safe tilt angles of truck cranes and earth moving machines, especially large ones.
• Monitoring the condition of the supports of bridges, pipelines.
• Tracking the status of architectural structures.
• Direct measurement of the tilt angles of transport lines from a moving vehicle.
• Car body angle control in anti-theft systems.

• Inclinator

• Inclinometer // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978. , by:
  • Mikhailovsky V. N. , Ivanov S. K. Measurement of the curvature of wells, K., 1960;
  • Kalinin A.G. , Curvature of boreholes, M. , 1963.