Special motorized police units

The AISC was created on the basis of the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR of July 23, 1966 No. 571 "On Measures to Strengthen the Fight against Crime" and by the order of the Ministry of Public Order Protection (MEP) of the USSR of 30.09.1966 No. 03 "On the formation of special of the motorized units of the MOOP USSR militia ”, in connection with which the AISC Day of Education is considered to be September 30, 1966 (50 years in 2016). The main purpose of the creation of reinforced and motorized parts of the police was to prevent mass protests, riots, actions of civil disobedience, which already took place in the USSR in the second half of the 50s and early 60s.

A total of 43 military units were formed, including four regiments in Moscow , Tashkent, Leningrad and Kiev , 40 separate battalions in large administrative and industrial cities of the USSR with a total number of 10 thousand people and 2 companies.

The personnel of the Special Military Aid of the USSR MIA were involved in the performance of service and combat tasks for law enforcement and public safety during mass events with a large number of citizens: solemn meetings and processions, concerts, sports shows, etc. Of the most famous celebrations, this is the XXII Olympic Games in Moscow in 1980, the XII World Festival of Youth and Students in 1985, the Goodwill Games in St. Petersburg in 1994.

Since 1988, the SMChM performed service and combat tasks in resolving interethnic conflicts in Sumgayit , Osh , Fergana , Baku , Chisinau , Yerevan , North Ossetia and Ingushetia , in Nagorny Karabakh , the Abkhaz ASSR, and also in the course of eliminating the consequences of the earthquake in Leninakan and Spitak (1988).

Until 1988, the structure, designation and departmental affiliation of the USSR Schmcht AHI of the USSR Ministry of the Interior were official secrets.

The SPMU had a subordination structure adopted in the districts of the Internal Troops. At the same time, in peacetime, they were actually in operational subordination of the regional directorates of the USSR Ministry of the Interior or the Union Republics ( GUVD ), in coordination with which the patrol dislocation areas were determined. Servicemen of the AISC were provided with a uniform according to the norms of the police patrol units. The field uniform worn by soldiers and officers inside the unit, during tactical exercises and carrying guard duty, had a general arms cut, but had a color approved for the police uniform, as well as police insignia. After 1991, the field uniform was replaced with a new form of dark blue or steel-gray, and gray caps were introduced instead of caps. It should be noted that this form, in contrast to the field uniform of the Armed Forces, did not provide for the wearing of spins. The units did not issue them and, accordingly, the military did not sew them, but in many parts the officers demanded that this form be sewn. Also, unlike other types of troops, the AISC issued not tarpaulin , but yuft (for internal service), as well as chrome (for patrol and front door) boots. In addition, the belts of the soldiers and sergeants were leather. Also in winter, when they were serving the public order service, they were given leather equipment ("belt") of the officer's sample. This was not observed in many parts, for example, in Leningrad. Soldier belt belts were different, and leather and ordinary soldiers with an emblem like " star "(1974-1976 served).

Acquisition of parts of the AISC occurred on a special principle. They tried to recruit young people of Slavic appearance, mainly from the major cities of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and sometimes the Baltic states, with complete secondary education, good physical development and height not less than 170 cm. The selection in the AISP took place at the military enlistment offices. on the affairs of draftees, the mark “Selected to the AISC” was placed, after which the “buyers” from other branches of the military could not get them. However, by 1990, these rules were strictly not respected. At the same time, the AISC always belonged to the so-called "asphalt" parts, because they were stationed directly from major cities (the capitals of the country's regions). It can be said that due to the specifics of the service, systematically participating in various events (sports, cultural, etc.) for the protection of public order in the cities, military service personnel were not completely divorced from the “citizen”, and even to a certain extent were integrated into the civilian life of the city.

It was prestigious to serve in the AISC, despite the fact that the servicemen were wearing police uniforms. In the 1990s, the parents of many servicemen asked the workers of the military registration and enlistment offices, and also went directly to the command of the units, so that their son could serve in the AISC, and in his own region.

There were no special higher and secondary educational institutions for the training of officers solely for service in the AIS. As a rule, the AISC was staffed by graduates of military schools of the Interior Ministry troops.

The very existence of police units, which were staffed by conscripts, was in every possible way disguised. So the Moscow regiment, which was part of a separate motorized rifle division of special purpose to them. Dzerzhinsky (OMSDON) of the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs , in the internal states of the division was the 3rd SMPM, according to the records of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Moscow City Executive Committee, it was listed as the 3rd regiment of the patrol and guard service, but for everyone else, when specifying the duty station in the letters and unclassified orders for he was called simply as military unit 5401. The servicemen were forbidden to write in letters to relatives about serving in police units. During service, the AISC servicemen was categorically forbidden to perform any actions that could give grounds to consider them as servicemen. Before 1988, before going on patrol routes for the protection of public order, military personnel were issued certificates of police officers of the local department of internal affairs (ATS), who surrendered to the company office after returning to the unit. (In Leningrad, no certificates were issued, starting in 1974.) During the patrol service, the SPM servicemen presented themselves to citizens as employees of the ATS in whose territory they served. With the collapse of the USSR, restrictions on secrecy regarding internal troops were lifted.

The daily and weekly orders of the AISC, by virtue of the specific nature of the service, differed significantly from the order of the other branches of the armed forces:

• From Thursday to Sunday, when serving in the PLO (the servicemen used to say informally “service”) in the cities at the place of deployment, with a general rise was at 8.30, hang up at 00.30.
• Monday is a day off.
• All Tuesday - classes, rise at 06.00, hang up at 22.00,
• Wednesday - the park-economic day (PCB) and "service", the rise is also at 06.00, hang up at 00.30.
• At 5402, the day off was on Sunday. On Monday, the school day, leaving the shooting range (very rarely, about once a month). Tuesday - bath day, we rise at 6.00. On Saturday, about once a month PCB.

The schedule of the week is in military unit 5466.

• Tuesday - day off
  • 10.00 rise,
  • from 11.00 - dismissal to the city,
  • 22.00 hang up
• Wednesday - the day of combat training
  • rise 6.00, departure to the landfill or field exit,
  • Hangout - 21.00.
• Thursday - bath day (the hardest and longest day):
  • 04.30 rise,
  • 05.00−08.00 the bath,
  • 9.00−14.00 classes according to plan
  • 15.00−00.00 service on the PLO,
  • 01.00 hang up
• Friday-Sunday:
  • 9.00 rise
  • 10.00−14.00 classes according to plan
  • 15.00−00.00 service on the PLO,
  • 01.00 hang up
• Monday - PCBs:
  • 9.00 rise
  • 10.00−14.00 restoring order in the unit
  • 15.00−00.00 service on the PLO,
  • 01.00 hang up

The provision of layoffs at the weekend has features. The conditions of the so-called “reinforcements”, that is, service in a reinforced mode, which are introduced in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for various reasons, including in connection with the celebration of public holidays, anniversaries, extend to the SMVCh. In this regard, the MHRF switched to enhanced duty mode, and if it coincided with the weekend part of the daily routine, then the layoffs were officially canceled. Therefore, the schedule of dismissals was not always followed. In 1975, the system of dismissals changed in Leningrad. From 10 to 15 and from 15 to 22.

The main armament of the main part of the AISP personnel was the AKS-74 (during the Karabakh conflict, in some parts it was replaced with AKMS) and, until 1992, the PM pistol. However, in fact, despite the fact that the military service personnel of the urgent service was not fixed and they did not carry a service with a pistol, as part of the firing training, there were regular classes in mastering the material part of the military service (instruction on the gun, shooting techniques, incomplete disassembly, equipment stores educational cartridges. These standards are also met at the time). In addition, military servicemen, when performing practical shooting, carried out shooting, including from the PM at a distance of 25 m. On the chest figure (target No. 4). Sometimes shooting was carried out on the move from a distance of 50m, the last shot at 25 m.

In each patrol company were machine guns RPK-74 , a sniper armed with SVD . In the warehouses of weapons parts were grenades. In each part, it was different. In Leningrad, neither machine guns, nor snipers were in the 70s.

Also in the equipment included:

• stick rubber PR-73,
• shields dural (later plastic) "Stained-glass window",
• helmets are steel army, body armor of various modifications.

In addition, the FMSCM had special purpose platoons (special platoon forces), armed with 2 AKM assault rifles with PBS silent firing devices, 2 AK-74 assault rifles with special slats for night vision devices and 2 RPG grenade launchers .

At the time of business trips, special purpose platoons were re-equipped with GP-25 grenade launchers, and in some units freelance rocket launchers were created for firing from the AGS-17 automatic flame grenade launcher .

Instead of the usual steel army helmets, the personnel of special-purpose platoons were equipped with TSS "Sphere".

To carry out activities to curb group hooliganism and mass riots , there were special means in service with the AISC:

• special carbines KS-23 for firing projectiles of a traumatic action, shooting off gas containers, projectiles for opening locking devices;
• various means of using tear gas such as " Bird cherry-1 ", " Bird cherry-2 ", " Bird cherry-4 ", " Bird cherry-5 ", " Bird cherry-10 ", " Bird cherry-12 ", " Lilac ",
• aerosol spraying apparatus on a large area " Cloud ";
• For these same purposes ^{[to clarify ]} , depending on the state of the specific part, there were 1-3 fire fighters with enhanced protection (as a rule, shields made of small cells protecting glass and headlights).

Special motorized police units were fully provided with vehicles, which increased their mobility:

• Each patrol platoon was assigned a GAZ-52, GAZ-53, GAZ-66 or ZIL-130, ZIL-131 car, as well as 2 patrol cars UAZ-469 with special signaling devices ( flashing light and siren ), coloring and identification Militia signs. In military unit 7442, Tashkent, Uzbekistan in the 90s, patrols were carried out on SsangYong "Korando Family 9" cars. In 1995-1997, due to interruptions in the provision of gasoline, military personnel were rarely involved in the protection of public order in cities at the place of deployment of units. At this time, the daily routine was changed to "combined arms", that is, instead of protecting public order, on weekdays classes were held, on Saturday - PCBs, on Sunday - a day off. Sometimes there were cases when it was impossible to deliver personnel on official vehicles due to the lack of gasoline to the place of service. Therefore, as an exception, the servicemen arrived to ensure public order to the venues of mass events independently on public transport (for example, military unit 5424).
• In the battalions and regiments there were special armored personnel carriers , with coloring and identification marks of the police, as well as the BRDM . However, there were cases when this equipment was in poor technical condition (possibly for reasons of inadequate maintenance) .Or it was not at all.

Depending on the place of deployment, the service area and the volume of service and combat tasks, the AISC had the structure of patrol regiments , patrol battalions and patrol companies .

• Separate patrol regiments consisted of 6 patrol companies (3 platoons of 30 people each), a car battalion (4 car platoons and a repair platoon), logistics companies and a communications platoon. The first patrol company included a platoon of special purpose. In Leningrad, special purpose platoons in the first company did not exist until 1977.
• Separate patrol battalions had either a company structure (2 patrol companies of 3 platoons, a patrol company on vehicles, a logistics platoon (or an automobile company that included a MTO platoon), or a platoon (4 patrol platoons, an automobile platoon, a platoon technical support). The structure of military unit 5466 (46 OSMBM): 5 patrol platoons of 25-30 people each, special platoon 10-15 people, platoon MTO, auto platoon.)
• Separate patrol companies had 3 patrol platoons, a logistic and motor platoon platoon.

Initially, in the Soviet Union there were 3 regiments of the AISP 46 battalions and 2 companies that served the capitals of the Union republics and large industrial cities.

The shelves were stationed:

• in Moscow (military unit 5401 ) (the regiment was part of the Dzerzhinsky OMSDON ),
• in Leningrad (military unit 5402 ), (3 patrol companies, RMTO and autoroot)
• in Kiev (w / h 5403 ),
• in 1987 , in Donetsk, on the basis of the patrol battalion, a training regiment was formed (military unit 5440 ) to prepare the sergeant staff for all parts of the AISM GUVV USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Also, the sergeant staff for the recruitment of posts of commanders of branches in autorotaches (platoons), communications specialists and military chefs were trained by a training brigade in the city of Zolochiv (Ukrainian SSR).
• in 1988, the Simferopol battalion (military unit 5461 ) was reorganized into a regiment.
• in 1989, the Riga and Vilnius battalions were reorganized into regiments.
• in Chisinau , the military unit 5447 was also a regiment.
• in the autumn of 1988, a separate battalion in Baku, military unit 5456, was also reorganized into a regiment, this unit served in the cities of Baku , Sumgayit and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region
• in the city of Karaganda (Kazakhstan) in / h 5451 - Karaganda regiment SMCM (in 1988 also participated in hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh),
• in the city of Gorky (battalion of military unit 5434 disbanded), since 2014 plans to re-create,
• in Syktyvkar, Komi ASSR (military unit 5466 ) 46 OSMBM,
• in the city of Voroshilovgrad (now the city of Lugansk), military unit 5446 , (in 1989-1990, he participated in combat operations in the Abkhaz ASSR and the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region).
• in Ashgabat in / h 5454 .
• in the city of Chardjou / 5535 .
• in Tbilisi in / h 5455 .
• in Yerevan, a separate battalion of military unit 5457 had the company structure described above (2 patrol companies of 3 platoons, a patrol company on vehicles, a platoon of material and technical support). During the events at Zvartnots airport (July 3-5, 1988), the battalion provided security at the airport premises. In August 1988, the battalion was transformed into a regiment. Since April 1989, after the Spitak earthquake, one of the companies on a rotational basis served in the city of Leninakan. The regiment actively participated in patrols and cordonings of mass rallies in the city of Yerevan and the surrounding villages. The regiment did not take any part in the fighting.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the SMChM units in Russia were renamed the SMHF (special motorized military units of the MIA of the RF Ministry of Internal Affairs), and in Ukraine they were reorganized and merged into divisions, brigades, regiments and battalions of the National Guard of Ukraine - NSU (1992 - 1998). ) After the reorganization in 1998, the National Guard of Ukraine back to the Main Department of Internal Affairs of Ukraine’s Ministry of Internal Affairs, the SMMC began to be called AGMC (special motorized military units of the police).

The main task of the AHIS was to assist territorial ATS by:

• public order on the streets
• fighting street crime,
• protection of public order during cultural events and sports events.

In addition, the SPM servicemen were involved by local police departments to search for, detain or eliminate armed, especially dangerous criminals, as well as those arrested and convicted, who had escaped from custody and escaped from places of detention.

Statistics show that with the arrival in a separate settlement of a unit or division of the AISP, for the entire period of service, the level of street crime has decreased several times.

In June 1991, in 46 OSMBM in the city of Syktavkar, out of 180 people. personnel in the unit were 25 people. (mostly waiting for retirement) and 3 officers. According to the Minister of the Interior of the Komi ASSR during this period, the level of violations of public order and street crime decreased by 10%. ^{[ clarify ]} Since 1988, the AISC has been widely used in the resolution of interethnic conflicts in the territory of the republics of the USSR.

Participation in resolving ethnic conflicts

V / h 5466 (46 OSMBM), Syktyvkar.

• 1980:
  • May – August – Moscow (Olympiad — 80);
  • October - Vorkuta (Komi ASSR, riots in places of detention);
• 1988:
  • March - Baku (Az. SSR),
  • September - Masis (Arm. SSR),
  • November – December - Yerevan (Arm. SSR),
  • December - Leninakan (Arm. SSR, participation in rescue operations and law enforcement in the area of ​​the earthquake);
• 1989:
  • January - Leninakan (Arm. SSR),
  • January – June - Yerevan (Arm. SSR),
  • June - Pakhtakor, Margelan, Komsomolsk (Uzbek SSR),
  • July – August - Yazyavan, Quvasai (Uzbek SSR),
  • October - Ochamchira (Abh. ASSR, GSSR),
  • November - Tkvarcheli (Abkhaz. ASSR, GSSR),
  • December - Sukhumi (Abh. ASSR, GSSR);
• 1990:
  • January - Sukhumi (Abh. ASSR, GSSR),
  • January - June - Baku (Az. SSR),
  • February – April - Dushanbe (Taj SSR),
  • May - Sarydzhaly (NKAO, Az. SSR), June - Tug (NKAO, Az. SSR),
  • July - Gyadrut — Fizuli (NKAO, Az. SSR),
  • August - Adjikent — Kamo (Az. SSR),
  • October – December - Russian Boris (Az. SSR);
• 1991:
  • April - Vladikavkaz (SO ASSR, RSFSR),
  • June – September - Shusha (NKAO, Az. SSR),
  • October - Vorkuta (Komi ASSR, mass youth fights);
• 1992:
  • August - Vorkuta (Rep. Komi, mass youth fights),
  • September – November - Nalchik (Kabardino-Balkaria);
  • 1993: Kizlyar (RNO-Alania);
• 1994 - St. Petersburg (Goodwill Games);
• 1996 January – May - Grozny (1st Chechen campaign).

Military unit 5436, Irkutsk, participated in the maintenance of law and order in the city of Tbilisi on April 10, 1988, and after in Shusha, Lachin, Stepanakert. Then, after 2 weeks of rest, in October she took part in the events in Sukhumi. At the same time, the main activities were: patrol and inspection service, checkpoints, guarding of facilities (commandant's offices, water intakes, etc.), escorting passing convoy, guarding of crime scenes.

V / h 5538 Osh, Kyrgyzstan. Osh events 1990-1992

  In the southern regions of the Soviet Union and not only the southern ones, in the 1970s and 80s, parts of the SMCM in the criminal environment and among the youth were known as: “Wild Division” (taking into account the determination and toughness with which the servicemen acted during service) ;  “Black Hundreds”, “Black Hundreds” (because of the black color of the field uniform, and indeed, there were only a hundred people in the battalion, since the battalion was a platoon system), and also the SMChM was called by the name of the battalion commander (Petrov, meaning “Petrovtsy” ) (after the name of the battalion commander, mainly the police officers called the current police officers) Template: Sedoy777 .

Karabakh Conflict

The Karabakh conflict (1988) is one of the most extensive applications of the AISC, when police units from all over the country were sent to Armenia and Azerbaijan and served in shifts from February 1988 to November 1991. Then over one night, from February 24 to February 25, several IL-76 transport planes IL-76 transported to Zvartnots Yerevan airport.

In the conflict zone, the AISC was subordinated by the territorial principle of temporary deployment and was part of the military operational grouping (VOG).

In February 1988, the sOSMBM (separate special motorized police battalion) from Saratov, Penza, Kuibyshev (Samara) Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) and other regions of the USSR were deployed on the territory of Nagorny Karabakh and the Agdam region of Azerbaijan.

Depending on the operational situation, the police units often changed their place of deployment as decided by the VOG command in coordination with the General Directorate of Internal Troops (GUVV). The mobility of the units confirmed their assignment during short periods of redeployment and their ability to influence the situation in the areas of combat service.

In the course of service, military outfits repeatedly entered into clashes with extremists and their combat units. Often, special units performed tasks together with subunits and units of the Soviet Army (Yerevan, Baku). Particularly close was the interaction in Yerevan during the introduction of the State of Emergency and curfew to prevent mass riots and anti-state manifestations.

For example, the 3rd SMPM (Moscow) for a little more than six months completed 3 special missions (two to Armenia and one to Azerbaijan). The most massive business trip was in March 1988, when about 20 people remained at the place of permanent base of the regiment on Sushchevsky Val Street during the crescent.

Managing the effects of man-made disasters and natural disasters

In addition to fulfilling their direct duties, the AEMS soldiers were necessarily involved in eliminating the consequences of man-made disasters and natural disasters, assisting victims, and evacuating the population to a safe place.

A striking example of the actions of the AISC in emergency conditions is the participation of these units in the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster and the earthquake in Armenia .

Many AISC were involved in the aftermath of the Spitak earthquake . Along with assisting territorial authorities in maintaining order, the AEMS solved the tasks of protecting objects of particular importance (banks, objects of significant material assets), saving people in the rubble zone, creating a special position in the earthquake zone in the cities of Leninakan and Spitak.

• Gendarmerie
• SMWCH
• ZOMO

• Special motorized military units (SMVCH). The site of the 2nd Specialized Motorized Regiment (military unit 5464) SZO VV MIA of Russia.
• USSR Specialized Motorized Police Units (SMHM) Part 1
• USSR Specialized Motorized Police Units (SMHM) Part 2