Medicinal bukvitsa ( lat. Betonica officinális ) - perennial herb ; Species of the letter Primus ( Betonica ) of the family Luminous . In many sources, the plant is described as Stachis officinalis, or Chistets officinalis ( Stachys officinalis ).
Initial letter medicinal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial letter is medicinal. Top of flowering plant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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International Scientific Name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Betonica officinalis L. (1753) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cultivated as an ornamental flowering plant.
Content
Botanical description
Rhizome perennial, fibrous, short, steep.
Stem erect, 30-60 (100) cm tall, simple, more or less woolly from long, stiff hairs.
The leaves are opposite, petiolate, oblong-ovate, blunt, crenate, heart-shaped at the base, wrinkled, covered on both sides with rough hairs; basal leaves with very long, medium - with shorter petioles, the upper - almost sessile.
The flowers are large, irregular, bisexual, subpedictic, sitting in the axils of the upper leaves with multi-flowered semi with whorls , elongated at the end of the stem, in the lower part of an often intermittent, spicate inflorescence ; bracts ovate, sharp, ciliate, of almost equal length with calyxes . Calyx non-falling, regular, bell-shaped; about five equal teeth, short hair; cup teeth triangular, spinous, twice as long as the tube. A nimbus is falling down, light purple, rarely white, two-lipped, covered outside with a thick fuzz; corolla tube is longer than calyx, slightly curved, without ring of hairs inside; labrum oblong-ovate, whole or at the apex notched, concave, initially erect, then turned open; the lower lip has a three-lobed, slanted, with a wider, rounded, finely perched mid-lobe. Four stamens , double-stalked, not reaching the middle of the upper lip; stamen filaments thin, adhering to the lower part of the corolla tube, loose at the top, remaining parallel even after flowering ; anthers bilgear, with almost parallel anther bags. Pestle with chetyrehgёzdnuyu, chetyrehlopastychnoy upper ovary , sitting on the glandular disk; the column is filiform, of almost equal length with stamens, ending in a two-part stigma. It blooms from late June to September.
The fruit is dry, consisting of four oblong, triangular, outside convex, smooth brown single-seeded nuts , sitting on the bottom of the remaining calyx. Fruits in Central Russia ripen in July - October.
Distribution and habitat
Initial letter medicinal is distributed almost throughout Europe , it is quite common almost throughout European Russia , in the Caucasus , in Western Siberia and the Urals .
It is found on dry and damp meadows, elevated places, in scrublands and in clearings and forest edges.
Economic value and application
For medical purposes, the grass is used initial letters, which are collected during flowering and then dried. Dried grass has a nasty, as if rancid smell and bitter, slightly "scratching" taste. Previously used as rhizome.
Essential parts of the grass of the letter: bitter and tannins.
Pharmaceutical drug : we have an unofficial herb - Herba Betonicae.
Medical use. Scientific medicine grass letter is almost completely abandoned; it is used only occasionally in pounded form for sneezing powders. In folk medicine, the letter is used in decoctions against catarrh of the respiratory tract , as well as antarthriticum. Rhizome was used before as an emetic and laxative .
The plant has long been used in folk medicine as a hemostatic, anti-cat and hypotensive agent; used in homeopathy for asthma [2] .
Honey plant.
Seeds contain fatty oil.
"Grass" can be painted wool in brown-olive color [2] .
Dry plant powder is used as a remedy against rodents [2] .
Taxonomic position
Synonyms
According to The Plant List for 2013, the synonymy of the species includes [3] :
- Betonica affinis Wender.
- Betonica alpigena schur
- Betonica angustifolia jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica bjelorussica Kossko ex Klokov
- Betonica brachydonta klokov
- Betonica brachystachya jord. & Fourr.]
- Betonica bulgarica Degen & Nejceff
- Betonica clementei pérez lara
- Betonica danica Mill.
- Betonica densiflora schur
- Betonica drymophila jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica foliosa C.Presl
- Betonica fusca klokov
- Betonica glabrata K.Koch
- Betonica glabriflora borbás
- Betonica grandifolia jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica hirta leyss. , nom. illeg.
- Betonica hylebium jord . & Fourr.
- Betonica incana Mill.
- Betonica laxata jord . & Fourr.
- Betonica legitima link
- Betonica leiocalyx jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica monieri gouan
- Betonica montana lej.
- Betonica monticola jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica nemorosa jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica nutans Kit. ex Schult.
- Betonica occitana jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica officinalis L.
- Betonica parvula jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica peraucta klokov
- Betonica polyclada jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica pratensis jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica psilostachys jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica purpurea Bubani
- Betonica pyrenaica Jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica recurva jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica recurvidens peterm.
- Betonica rigida jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica rusticana jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica sabauda jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica stricta aiton
- Betonica stricticaulis jord . & Fourr.
- Betonica subcarnea jord . & Fourr.
- Betonica valdepubens jord . & Fourr.
- Betonica validula jord . & Fourr.
- Betonica virescens jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica virgultorum Jord. & Fourr.
- Betonica vulgaris rota
- Stachys betonica Benth. , nom. illeg.
- Stachys bulgarica (Degen & Nejceff) Hayek
- Stachys danica (Mill.) Schinz & Thell.
- Stachys densiflora benth. , nom. illeg.
- Stachys glabriflora (Borbás) Rossi
- Stachys monieri ( Gouan ) PWBall
- Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. ex Briq.
- Stachys stricta ( Sol. ) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. , nom. illeg.
Notes
- ↑ About the conditionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the section “APG Systems” of the article “Dicotyledons” .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Gubanov IA and others. Wild-growing useful plants of the USSR / resp. ed. T. A. Rabotnov . - M .: Thought , 1976. - p. 286. - 360 p. - ( Reference guides geographer and traveler ).
- ↑ Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis. is an accepted name (English) . The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Missouri Botanical Garden (2013).
Literature
- Gubanov, I.A., et al. 618. Betonica officinalis L. [ Stachys officinalis (L.) Trevis.] - Drug Cipher // Illustrated determinant of plants in Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, In-t technologist. survey., 2004. - T. 3. Angiosperms (dicotyledons: otloplepestnye). - p. 113. - ISBN 5-87317-163-7 .
Links
- Initial letter medicinal (eng.) : Information on the site GRIN .
- Concrete // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.