Tuzlinskaya Spit ( Tuzla Spit , Middle Spit [2] , Ukrainian Tuzla Spit ) - a spit in the Kerch Strait . The Tuzla Spit once completely adjoined the Taman Peninsula , however, in the 1920s, the island of Tuzla separated from it [2] .
| Tuzlinskaya Spit | |
|---|---|
 View of Tuzla Island from Mount Mithridates in Kerch | |
| Location | |
| Water area | Kerch Strait |
| A country |
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Content
Etymology
The Tuzla Spit is named after the Cape Tuzla, which, in turn, got its name in memory of one of the Khazar Khagans or from the Turkic “ ace ” - salt or “ ace ” - flat, even, smooth [2] . The Tuzlin spit is mentioned in the railings of the Pontic coast as Akme (from the Greek language the tip , tip ) [2] .
Geography
Nowadays, the Tuzlinskaya Spit consists of a long elongated island and a bulk dam connecting the smaller islands [3] coming from the Taman Peninsula . Separated by the strait, the western part of the spit administratively belongs to the (Autonomous) Republic of Crimea [1] , and the eastern part, connected to the mainland, belongs to the Krasnodar Territory of the Russian Federation [3] .
Tuzlinskaya spit is a sand spit, semi-submerged in silts [2] . Spit grows as a result of accumulation of coastal sediment [2] . In the XVIII century on the site of the spit was a chain of islands [2] . Later, they formed a continuous braid, which first appeared on the map of 1830 [2] . Subsequently, several straits formed over the spit [2] . In 1925, local fishermen dug a small canal in the spit to shorten the path from one side of the spit to the other [2] . In the same year, during a severe storm, the strait eroded and part of the spit turned into an island, separated from the rest of the spit by a strait, which after a certain time reached a width of several kilometers [2] . In 2003, an artificial dam was created from the mainland.
History
On November 28, 1869, the spit's affiliation to the Kuban region was confirmed by a decree of the Russian Senate , and it was prescribed that the middle be considered the middle of the strait between the Crimea and the extreme point of the Taman spit [2] . After the October Revolution and Civil War , Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee [ what? ] of August 13, 1922, the Tuzla spit was included in the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic [4] . By a decree of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR in January 1941, a decision was made "On the transfer of the island of the Middle Scythe (Tuzla) from the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar Territory to the Crimean ASSR" [2] . After the transfer of the Crimean region to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954, the administrative border between the Crimean region and the Krasnodar Territory was not revised.
During the Great Patriotic War, a Soviet naval landing was landed on a spit occupied by the German garrison. In a fierce battle from October 6 to 9, 1943, the scythe was liberated from German troops.
The practical transfer of the braid and the administrative boundary between the RSFSR and the Ukrainian SSR were realized only in the early 1970s [2] . Moreover, this was done in the form of coordinating the graphic outline on the map of administrative borders at the level of deputy chairmen of the Crimean regional executive committee and the Krasnodar regional executive committee [2] .
Territorial dispute
According to the position of Russia, from the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the USSR on the transfer of the Crimean region to Ukraine, it follows that Ukraine was transferred to the administrative-territorial disposal only the continental land part of the Crimean region. The jurisdiction over the coastal waters of the seas, based on the principle that the coastal seas belong to the state as a whole, and not to its individual entities, remained with the USSR [5] .
In 2003, an attempt was made by the Krasnodar Territory of Russia to restore the spit by creating an artificial dam. This marked the beginning of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia over the ownership of the island , the restored spit, and a possible change in the regime of shipping in the Kerch Strait. After the meeting between Presidents Putin and Kuchma, the construction of the dam was suspended.
In 2005, a special commission of the Ukrainian parliament recognized that the island of Tuzla in the Kerch Strait could disappear in a year, if not protect it from the waves. The currents in the Kerch Strait, which accelerated due to the dam built in 2003, erode not only Tuzla, but also the Arshintsevskaya Spit near Kerch [6] . Blocks were strengthened on the coast of the island [7] .
In 2014, the majority of the Crimean peninsula was actually annexed to Russia , in connection with which, on March 21, 2014, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov stated that the Kerch Strait “can no longer be the subject of negotiations with Ukraine” [8] [9] . On the Tuzlinskaya Spit, it was decided to build the Crimean Bridge - a road-rail crossing between the Krasnodar Territory and the Crimea.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 The southeastern (continental) part of the Tuzlinskaya Spit is located in the Krasnodar Territory of Russia . The northwestern (island) part is located in the waters of the Crimean Peninsula , most of which is the subject of territorial disagreements between Russia, which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine , within the borders of which the disputed territory is located within the borders recognized by the international community. According to the administrative-territorial division of Russia , the north-western part of the Tuzlinskaya Spit is located in the water area of the subject of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea . According to the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine , the north-western part of the Tuzla Spit is located in the waters of the region of Ukraine - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Sergey Gorbachev . Tuzla Island , Almanac "Island of Crimea" No. 1-2 (2000). Archived on February 20, 2004. Date of treatment March 27, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 Map sheet L-37-98 Taman . Scale: 1: 100,000. Status of the area for 1988. 1989 Edition
- ↑ Sergey Nikolaev Tuzla's misadventures // Russian newspaper
- ↑ Spit of Tuzla - the subject of a long-standing dispute between the Crimea and the Kuban, Information Center Ukraina.ru (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment May 25, 2009. Archived April 29, 2010.
- ↑ Tuzla Island in the Kerch Strait may disappear in a year, if you do not protect it from the waves. . Echo of Moscow (April 28, 2005). Date of treatment August 14, 2010. Archived on February 9, 2012.
- ↑ Rustem Khalilov . No one needs Tuzla. An island without a future (September 11, 2012). Date of treatment March 27, 2014.
- ↑ Transcript of 349 (extraordinary) meeting of the Federation Council
- ↑ Lavrov: The Kerch Strait can no longer be negotiated with Ukraine . ITAR-TASS .
Literature
- Travnikov A. I. "Tuzla Spit: listed territory." Publishing house "Krasnodar Izvestia". Krasnodar. 1997.
- Travnikov A. I. "The Tuzla Spit and the strategic interests of Russia." Phoenix Publishing House, Rostov-on-Don, 2005.
Topographic maps
- Topographic map L-37-098-A 1 cm scale 500 m
- Topographic map L-37-098-Ac 1 cm scale 250 m