Edouard-Marie Herriot ( Fr. Édouard Marie Herriot ; July 5, 1872 , Troyes - March 26, 1957 , Saint-Genis-Laval , Rhone department) - French statesman and political figure , leader of the party of radicals and radical socialists, writer, historian, publicist , academician.
Edouard Herriot | |||||||
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Edouard herriot | |||||||
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Predecessor | Frederic Francois-Marshal | ||||||
Successor | Paul Painlevé | ||||||
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Predecessor | Edmond Lefevre du Prey | ||||||
Successor | Aristide Briand | ||||||
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Predecessor | Aristide Briand | ||||||
Successor | Raymond Poincare | ||||||
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Predecessor | Aristide Briand | ||||||
Successor | Aristide Briand | ||||||
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Predecessor | Andre Tardieu | ||||||
Successor | Joseph paul boncourt | ||||||
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Predecessor | Andre Tardieu | ||||||
Successor | Joseph paul boncourt | ||||||
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Predecessor | Justin Godard (interim mayor) | ||||||
Successor | Pierre Montel (i. O.) Louis Pradel | ||||||
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Predecessor | Jean-Victor Oganier | ||||||
Successor | Georges Koandi (occupation period) | ||||||
Birth | Troyes , France | ||||||
Death | |||||||
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The consignment | Radical party | ||||||
Education | Higher normal school | ||||||
Academic degree | academician | ||||||
Profession | philologist | ||||||
Activity | politician | ||||||
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Content
Biography
Edouard Herriot was born in an officer family that had peasant roots. He graduated from the Higher Normal School , from 1900 holds the position of professor of philology in Lyon . In 1905 he was elected mayor of Lyon and remained unchanged until his death, except for the time when France was occupied by the Germans.
In 1919, Edouard Herriot was elected chairman of the radical party. From 1916 he repeatedly entered the government of France and held responsible posts:
- Minister of Public Works, Transport and Supply ( 1916 - 1917 )
- prime minister and minister of foreign affairs ( 1924 - 1925 )
- Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies ( 1925 - 1926 )
- prime minister ( 1926 )
- Minister of Public Education ( 1926 - 1928 )
- prime minister ( 1932 )
- state minister of several governments ( 1934 - 1936 )
- Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies ( 1936 - 1940 )
Herrio's first cabinet (the government of the Left Cartel) established diplomatic relations with the USSR in 1924 , and also refused to continue the occupation of the Ruhr , which heated the situation in Germany . The second government of Herriot in 1926 conducted school reform, promulgating a law to create a unified and free school. The third government of Herriot concluded a non-aggression treaty with the USSR in 1932 . The Radical Party, headed by Edouard Herriot, took part in the creation of the Popular Front , a number of laws of the Popular Front were adopted by the Chamber of Deputies chaired by Edouard Herriot in 1936 . Herriot spoke out against the Munich Agreement of 1938 , for the creation of a collective European security system with the participation of the USSR. However, in general, the policy of Edouard Herriot during this period was inconsistent. In the party he headed the center-right wing, during his presidency the Chamber of Deputies deprived the mandates of the communists ( 1939 ).
During the Second World War , after the occupation of France by German troops, he was practically not engaged in politics (until 1942 ). In 1942 , Marshal Peten , the head of the Vichy regime, sent a letter of protest at the abolition of constitutional freedoms, as a result of which he was subjected to house arrest. In August 1944, Pierre Laval rejected the proposal to head the "transitional" puppet government. Shortly thereafter, it was issued by the Vichy to the Germans and sent to Germany. Released by the Soviet Army in April 1945 .
Returning to France, Edouard Herriot again stands at the head of the municipality of Lyon, and in 1947 headed the National Assembly :
- chairman ( 1947 - 1954 )
- honorary chairman ( 1954 - 1957 )
Since 1953 , he has advocated a leftist orientation for the Radical Party, has been fighting against the policy of splitting Europe into hostile military groups, against remilitarizing West and East Germany, against creating a European defensive community. In 1955, Edouard Herriot was awarded the International Peace Prize.
Since 1946 Edouard Herriot is a member of the French Academy. He wrote a large number of publications, where he appears as a historian, writer, music and art critic.
Throughout his life, Edouard Herriot was a friend of Russia and the USSR, as a politician advocated friendship between France and the Soviet Union. He visited the USSR in 1922 , 1933 and in 1945 , actively collaborated in the Society of French-Soviet Friendship. Shortly before his death, he wrote: I was a friend of the Russians. Our friendship was not overshadowed by anything, although I am by no means a communist ... But I believe that our friendship with the Soviet Union is necessary to maintain lasting peace . In August 1933, he visited the USSR, at the end of the trip, saying that all the reports about the famine in Ukraine were a big lie and a fiction of Nazi propaganda. In some opinion, these words of him "then confused many ordinary people in the West" [5] .
See also
- Herriot Government
Works
- La Russie nouvelle. - Paris, 1922.
- Lyon pendant la guerre. - Paris, 1925.
- East.— M., 1935
- From past. Between two wars. 1914-1936. - M., 1958.
- Beethoven's life. - M., 1959
- Beethoven's life. - M., 1960
- Episodes. 1940-1944. - M., 1961.
- Beethoven's life. - M., 1968
- Beethoven's life. - M., 1975
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 http://www.senat.fr/senateur-3eme-republique/herriot_edouard1121r3.html
- ↑ 1 2 BNF ID : 2011 open data platform .
- ↑ Sycomore / Assemblée nationale
- ↑ 1 2 Herrio Eduard // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ed. A.M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Table of Contents for Future Victims 2 - page 10 (inaccessible link) . Circulation date October 30, 2013. Archived November 1, 2013.
Literature
- Anterion JL, Baron JJ Edouard Herriot au service de la Republique. - Paris, 1957.
- Besseige H. Herriot parmi nous. - Paris, 1960.