“ Major Non-NATO Ally or MNNA ” is a term used to refer to US allies that are not members of NATO .
Content
History
MNNA status first appeared in 1989 thanks to section 2350a, added by US Senator Samuel Nunn to Section 10 of the US Code [1] . The presence of status is not determined by the participation of the respective countries in certain military blocs : allies in this status are approved by order of the US Secretary of Defense (with the consent of the Secretary of State). Initially, MNNAs were Australia , Egypt , Israel , South Korea, and Japan .
In 1996, the main US allies outside NATO received additional military and financial benefits when section 2321k (also known as section 517 of the United States Foreign Assistance Act) was added to paragraph 22 (foreign economic relations) of the United States Code: its first revision entered into force in 1961); in addition, they were exempted from the restrictions imposed by the Arms Export Control Act . The President of the United States can now appoint the state as the main ally within 30 days after notification from Congress [2] .
In 2014, a bill was introduced to Congress , according to which this status can also be granted to Georgia , Moldova and Ukraine [3] .
Status Value
The introduction of such a status in bilateral relations determines the priority of the development of US relations with these countries, including the possibility of participating in joint defense initiatives, the possibility of conducting joint military research, participating in a number of limited counter-terrorism measures, supplying limited types of weapons, joint participation in space projects . MNNA status was legally defined in 1989 .
MNNA status holders
The following countries have the status of the main US ally outside NATO (in the order they are received):
Under President George W. Bush:
one) Australia since 1989 [4]
2) Egypt since 1989 [4]
3) Israel since 1989 [4]
four) Japan since 1989 [4]
five) Republic of Korea since 1989 [4]
Under President Bill Clinton:
6) Jordan since 1996 [5]
7) New Zealand since 1997 [2]
eight) Argentina since 1998 [6]
Under President George W. Bush:
9 ) Bahrain since 2002 [7]
ten) Philippines since 2003 [8]
eleven) Thailand since 2003 [9]
12) Kuwait since 2004 [10]
13) Morocco since 2004 [11]
14) Pakistan since 2004 [12]
Under President Barack Obama:
15) Afghanistan since 2012 [13] [14]
16) Tunisia since 2015 [15]
Under President Donald Trump:
17) Brazil since 2019
Candidates:
1) Ukraine since 2014
2) Moldova since 1992
3) Georgia since 2008
4) Republic of Kosovo since 1998
Ukraine and MNNA
On July 21, 2014, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko stated that there was reason to apply to the US Congress to provide Ukraine with a special status - the main ally outside the NATO bloc.
On September 19, 2014, US President Barack Obama denied Ukraine the status of the main US ally outside of NATO.
On December 11, 2014, the US Senate (upper house of Congress) supported Bill S.2828, entitled “Support for Freedom in Ukraine 2014” Act, to grant Ukraine arms and ally status without membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). A similar bill under number HR5782 should also be supported by the House of Representatives (Lower House of Congress), and only then will US President Barack Obama have to decide whether to support Congress decisions or veto it.
In 2017, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine by a majority of 232 votes sent an appeal to the US Congress to obtain the status of Ukraine as the main US ally outside NATO.
On June 1, 2019, the House of Representatives of the US Congress introduced a bill to strengthen support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, expand defense assistance and grant Ukraine the status of the main military and political ally of the United States [16] .
Notes
- ↑ Title 10, section 2350a of US Code Archived July 21, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 22 US Code § 2321k - Designation of major non-NATO allies
- ↑ S.2277 - Russian Aggression Prevention Act of 2014
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Hillary Clinton flies into Kabul as US declares Afghanistan major non-NATO ally
- ↑ Scott Stearns. Afghanistan Designated Major US Ally During Clinton Visit to Kabul . Voanews.com (July 7, 2012). Date of treatment January 31, 2014.
- ↑ Overview of US Policy Toward South America and the President's Upcoming Trip to the Region
- ↑ Bahrain Joins Iran in Opposing Strike , Associated Press , Fox News (August 18, 2002). Archived on February 9, 2011. Date of treatment July 7, 2012.
- ↑ Bush 'upgrades' Philippines , CNN (May 20, 2003). Date of treatment July 7, 2012.
- ↑ Despeignes, Peronet . US wants APEC agenda to include security issues , USA Today (October 20, 2003). Date of treatment July 7, 2012.
- ↑ US tightens military relationship with Kuwait , Associated Press (January 15, 2004). Date of treatment July 7, 2012.
- ↑ US rewards Morocco for terror aid , BBC News (June 4, 2004). Date of treatment July 7, 2012.
- ↑ Archived copy . Date of treatment April 24, 2012. Archived April 24, 2012. South asia analysis group
- ↑ Hillary Clinton says Afghanistan 'major non-Nato ally' , BBC News (July 7, 2012). Date of treatment July 7, 2012.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120825180829/http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2012/08/196675.htm (link not available)
- ↑ The United States declared Tunisia the 16th major ally from among non-NATO countries - TASS, July 11, 2015
- ↑ Deutsche Welle (www.dw.com). The US wants to grant Ukraine the status of an important military-political ally | DW | 06/01/2019 . DW.COM. Date of treatment July 15, 2019.