The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (until the spring of 1917 : the Central Committee of the RSDLP; 1917 - 1918 the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b); 1918 - 1925 of the Central Committee of the RCP (b); 1925 - 1952 of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b)) - the highest party organ in the intervals between congresses of the party . The largest composition of the Central Committee of the CPSU (412 members) was elected at the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU ( 1990 ).
| Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
|---|---|
| (Central Committee of the CPSU) | |
 CPSU flag | |
 The building of the Central Committee of the CPSU, now the building of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation | |
| general information | |
| A country | |
| date of creation | |
| Previous Office | activity period
|
| Date of Abolition | November 6, 1991 |
| Replaced by | abolished (see CPSU Case ) Council of SKP-CPSU (since 1993) |
| Leads activities | Politburo |
| Parent agency | party congress |
| Headquarters | Moscow , Old Square , house number 4 |
| Position | Secretary General |
| Subordinate body | Government of the USSR (until March 14, 1990 )
|
| Notes | |
| the leading and guiding role of the party in the Soviet Union , until March 14, 1990, was secured by the 6th article of the 1977 Constitution of the USSR | |
from 1986 to 1990
 |
RSDLP - RSDLP (b) - RCP (b) - |
|
|
|
KP RSFSR |
V.I. Lenin and the other founders of the party ( RSDLP ) initially laid down the principles of internal democracy - the party never had the posts of party chairman, chairman of the Central Committee, chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee.
The Secretary of the Central Committee had an initial technical role.
Until March 14, 1990, the CPSU had a monopoly on political power in the USSR. This right was constitutionally enshrined: in article 126 of the 1936 Constitution of the USSR, the Communist Party was proclaimed the "governing core" of state and public organizations, and in article 6 of the 1977 Constitution of the USSR, the CPSU was proclaimed the leading and directing force of Soviet society as a whole (abolished on March 14, 1990 )
“Armed with Marxist-Leninist teachings , the Communist Party determines the general outlook for the development of society, the line of internal and foreign policy of the USSR, directs the great creative activity of the Soviet people , and gives a systematic, scientifically substantiated character to its struggle for the victory of communism .”
- 1977 Constitution of the USSR
After the failure of the August putsch on August 23, 1991, by order of Moscow Mayor G. Kh. Popov, the buildings of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on Old Square were sealed, thus, their activities were blocked. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR by its resolution on August 29, 1991 suspended the activities of the CPSU , the buildings and other property of the party were sealed. On November 6, 1991, the President of the RSFSR B.N. Yeltsin, by his decree, banned the activities of the CPSU and its republican organization - the KP of the RSFSR in Russia, the property of the party was seized by the new authorities. On November 30, 1992, the Constitutional Court of Russia declared the dissolution of the primary organizations of the Communist Party of the RSFSR-CPSU unlawful, but upheld the dissolution of the Party Central Committee.
Content
- 1 Powers of the Central Committee of the CPSU
- 2 Compositions of the Central Committee of the CPSU
- 3 Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU
- 4 Central Committee Secretariat
- 5 Central Committee apparatus
- 6 Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee
- 7 General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee
- 8 Research and educational institutions
- 9 notes
- 10 Literature
- 11 Links
Powers of the CPSU Central Committee
According to the charter of the CPSU, the Central Committee supervised the entire activities of the party, republican and local party bodies, and led the party’s personnel policy. The Central Committee of the CPSU directed the work of central state and public organizations working through party groups in them, created various bodies, institutions and enterprises of the party and directed their activities, appointed editorial offices of central newspapers and magazines working under its control, distributed the funds of the party budget and controlled it execution.
The CPSU Central Committee was a collegial governing body, the CPSU Central Committee held regular plenums - meetings of all members and candidates for membership in the Central Committee (according to the party’s charter, at least once every 6 months); Candidates for membership in the Central Committee have an advisory vote at the plenums. According to established practice, members of the Central Auditing Commission of the CPSU (CRC) took part in the work of the plenary meetings of the Central Committee with an advisory vote. At the Plenums of the Central Committee he elected the Politburo (Presidium) , the Secretariat and the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee , the Party Control Commission (1934-1990).
Compositions of the CPSU Central Committee
- 1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP - 3 members
- 1903 - II Congress of the RSDLP -?
- 1905 - III Congress of the RSDLP -?
- 1906 - IV Congress of the RSDLP - 10 members
- 1907 - V Congress of the RSDLP - 12 members, 22 candidates
- 1917 - VI Congress of the RSDLP (b) - 21 members, 10 candidates
- 1918 - VII Congress of the RCP (B.) - 15 members, 8 candidates
- 1919 - VIII Congress of the RCP (B.) - 19 members, 8 candidates
- 1920 - IX Congress of the RCP (B.) - 19 members, 12 candidates
- 1921 - X Congress of the RCP (B.) - 25 members, 15 candidates
- 1922 - XI Congress of the RCP (B.) - 27 members, 19 candidates
- 1923 - XII Congress of the RCP (B.) - 40 members and 17 candidates
- 1924 - XIII Congress of the RCP (B.) - 53 members and 34 candidates
- 1925 - XIV Congress of the CPSU (B.) - 63 members and 43 candidates
- 1927 - XV Congress of the CPSU (B.) - 71 members and 50 candidates
- 1930 - XVI Congress of the CPSU (B.) - 71 members and 67 candidates
- 1934 - XVII Congress of the CPSU (B.) - 71 members and 68 candidates
- 1938 - XVIII Congress of the CPSU (B.) - 71 members and 68 candidates
- 1952 - XIX Congress of the CPSU - 125 members and 111 candidates
- 1956 - XX Congress of the CPSU - 133 members and 122 candidates
- 1961 - XXII Congress of the CPSU - 175 members and 155 candidates
- 1966 - XXIII Congress of the CPSU - 195 members and 165 candidates
- 1971 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU - 241 members and 155 candidates
- 1976 - XXV Congress of the CPSU - 287 members and 139 candidates
- 1981 - XXVI Congress of the CPSU - 319 members and 151 candidates
- 1986 - XXVII Congress of the CPSU - 307 members and 170 candidates
- 1990 - XXVIII Congress of the CPSU - 412 members, candidates were not elected
Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee
The Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU was the highest party body that directed the political work of the Central Committee between its Plenums. As a permanent body, it acted after the Seventh Congress of the RCP (B.). It solved the most important political, economic and internal party issues.
Central Committee Secretariat
It consisted of the secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee.
In 1990 , 5 members of the Secretariat who were not secretaries of the CPSU Central Committee were introduced.
Central Committee apparatus
In the 1980s, until October 1989, the apparatus of the CPSU Central Committee included:
- Military department (on his rights there was the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Navy );
- International department ;
- Department of Defense Industry ;
- General department ;
- Department of Administrative Bodies;
- Department of Foreign Trade;
- Information Department;
- Department of Culture ;
- Department of Light Industry and Consumer Goods;
- Department of mechanical engineering ;
sectors : Automotive ; - Department of International Information;
- Department of science and educational institutions;
- Department of party work.
functional sectors :
Control over party documents;
Training and retraining of personnel;
Work with public organizations, Councils and Komsomol ;
Inspection;
regional sectors :
Ukraine , Moldova ;
Central Asia , Kazakhstan ;
Transcaucasia
Baltic States , Belarus ; - Department of planning and financial bodies;
- Propaganda and Agitation Department
sectors : propaganda, agitation, mass work, press , radio and television; - Department for work with foreign personnel and trips abroad;
- Department of the CPSU Central Committee for Relations with Communist and Workers Parties of Socialist Countries ;
- Department of Agriculture and Food Industry ;
- Construction department;
- Department of trade and consumer services ;
- Department of Transport and Communications ;
- Department of Heavy Industry and Energy;
- Department of Chemical Industry ;
- Economic department;
- Inspection;
- Business management.
Until October 1989 , there were 20 departments. Since October 1989 , there have been 10 departments [1] :
- Department of party building and personnel work;
- Ideological department;
- Social and Economic Department;
- Agricultural department;
- Defense department ;
- State Law Department;
- International Department;
- General department ;
- Business management ;
- Department for relations with socio-political organizations.
The number of staff in 1988 was 1940 responsible and 1275 technical workers [2] .
Central Committee Organizing Bureau
This body existed in 1919–52 , but actually duplicated the activities of the Secretariat and for this reason did not play a real role.
General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee
- In 1917-1918 - Secretary of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), 1918-1919 - Chairman of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), in 1919-1922 - Executive Secretary of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), in 1953-1966 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU
- In 1917, Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov signed some party directives as Chairman of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b), but he was never elected to this post. Prior to the appointment of I.V. Stalin ( 1922 ), the post of executive secretary of the Central Committee was purely technical and unrelated to the party leadership. However, a few years before this, there was a practice when the (responsible) secretaries of local party committees were subordinate to the executive secretary of the Central Committee.
- 1917 - Elena Dmitrievna Stasova
- 1918 - 1919 - Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov
- 1919 - Elena Dmitrievna Stasova
- 1919 - 1921 - Nikolai Nikolaevich Krestinsky
- 1921 - 1922 - Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (Scriabin)
- 1922 - 1934 - Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili).
- In 1934, the post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was abolished by decision of the 17th Party Congress, and it did not exist in the list of official posts until 1953, when the September plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU resumed it as the First Secretary of the Central Committee. Disregarding this fact, in a number both lifetime publications (including the official “ Brief Biography ” of the 1947 edition) and the TSB of JV Stalin continued to be called the Secretary General, although Stalin himself signed in 1934 as Secretary of the Central Committee.
- 1953 - 1964 - Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev .
- 1964 - 1982 - Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev .
- 1982 - 1984 - Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov .
- 1984 - 1985 - Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko .
- 1985 - 1991 - Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev .
Research and educational institutions
Under the Central Committee there were four research and educational institutions: the Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the Central Committee of the CPSU; Institute of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU ; Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU ; Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU .
In a closed mode, under the leadership of the Central Committee’s International Department, the Institute of Social Sciences trained personnel for the communist, workers' and revolutionary-democratic parties and movements of non-socialist countries and studied the problems of these movements [3] .
Notes
- ↑ Voslensky, 1991 , p. 619.
- ↑ "Proceedings of the Central Committee of the CPSU" No. 1, 1989
- ↑ Evgeny Novikov How we did terrorists. Memoirs of an accomplice Capital No. 30, 1991
Literature
- Voslensky M.S. Nomenclature. The ruling class of the Soviet Union / Preface. M. Jilasa . - M .: MP "October", " Soviet Russia ", 1991. - 624 p. - ISBN 1870128176 ISBN 5-268-00063-2 .
- The Central Committee of the CPSU, CPSU (b), RCP (b), RSDLP (b): Historical and Biographical Reference / Comp. Yu.V. Goryachev. - M .: Parade , 2005 .-- 496 p.
Links
- Mesyats S. A. History of the highest organs of the CPSU . - M.: Open Society, 2001
- A Handbook on the History of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union (1898-1965)
- Rulers of Russia and the Soviet Union, a biographical and chronological directory
- Central Committee // Encyclopædia Britannica