Kurilskoe [4] [5] [2] [6] [1] [7] [8] or the Kuril Lake [9] [10] [11] [12] is a crater lake inside a large caldera in the southern part of the Kamchatka Peninsula , on the territory of the South Kamchatka Federal Reserve [1] . It belongs to the Ust-Bolsheretsky district of the Kamchatka Territory of Russia [13] .
| Lake | |
| Kuril | |
|---|---|
 View of the lake from the northwest shore at the source of the Ozernaya river in spring 2005 | |
| Morphometry | |
| Absolute height | 104 [1] m |
| Dimensions | 12 [1] Γ 10 [1] km |
| Square | 77.1 [2] kmΒ² |
| Volume | 14.2 [1] kmΒ³ |
| Deepest | 316 [1] m |
| Average depth | 195 [1] m |
| Hydrology | |
| Type of mineralization | fresh [1] |
| Salinity | 70 mg / l [1] |
| Transparency | 6-11 [1] m |
| Pool | |
| Pool area | 392 [2] kmΒ² |
| Flowing rivers | Etamynk , Khakytsin , Kirushutk , Vychenka , Gavryushka , Frozen brook |
| Flowing river | Lakeside |
| Location | |
| A country |
|
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Kamchatka Krai |
| Area | Ust-Bolsheretsky district |
| Identifiers | |
| HWR : | |
Content
Title
The name was given by I.P. Kozyrevsky around 1711, it comes from the name of one of the Kamchatka Ainu tribes - the Kurils, who at that time lived near the lake [7] .
S. P. Krasheninnikov in the book βDescription of the Land of Kamchatkaβ also gives the local name of the lake - Ksui [8] or Ksuay [14] .
Historical Information
The first description of the lake was compiled by G. Steller in 1740. In 1908 and 1909, the expedition of F. P. Ryabushinsky conducted a detailed study of the reservoir [1] .
Description
It is the third largest lake in Kamchatka and covers 77 kmΒ². The average depth is 195 m, the maximum depth is 316 m [15] . Snow and rain food. The range of fluctuations of the level is 1.3 m (the highest levels in May - June, the lowest - in April). The average water temperature off the coast in September is 7.6 Β° C, maximum 10.8 Β° C.
On the north-eastern shore is the volcano Ilyinskaya Sopka . There are several islands on the lake, the largest of which are Samang (0.66 kmΒ²), Chayachiy, Heart, Low and Clay. In the south, Cape Tugumink protrudes into the lake, and in the north-west - Cape Pulomynk. On the shore of the Bay of Teplaya in the east of the lake, outlets of mineral hot water . The shores of the lake are pebble beaches on which hills rise [16] .
Several rivers and streams flow into the lake: Etamynk , Khakitsin , Vychenkiya , Kirushutk , Gavryushka , Oladochny stream and others [17] . The Ozernaya River flows into the west of the Sea of ββOkhotsk .
Surface evaporation is 0.294 kmΒ³ / year. The lake belongs to water bodies with slow water exchange. The total water exchange time is on average 17.4 years [1] .
Flora and Fauna
The most significant breeding ground for sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka Walbaum) in Asia (and, possibly, in the world). KamchatNIRO observation station, which is located on the western shore of the lake, takes into account fish entering the lake and monitors juveniles. On the shores of the lake it is often possible to meet a brown bear (a constant herd on the shores reaches 200 or more individuals) [16] .
The territory of the South Kamchatka Federal Reserve, as well as the Kronotsky State Reserve, was included in the UNESCO Natural Heritage List in 1996 as part of Kamchatka volcanoes .
Gallery
Source of the Ozernaya River
Rocks on Samang Island
Hakitsin river
The heart of Alaida is the island of Kuril Lake
Rocks on the island of Alaida Heart
Notes
- β 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kuril Lake . - An article from the popular science encyclopedia Water of Russia.
- β 1 2 3 State Water Register . Kurilskoye Lake . textual.ru . Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia (March 29, 2009). Date of treatment December 20, 2018. Archived March 29, 2009.
- β Surface Water Resources of the USSR: Hydrological Understanding. T. 20. Kamchatka / ed. V. Ch. Zdanovich. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1966 .-- 260 p.
- β Kurilskoye ( No. 0187773 ) / Register of names of geographical objects on the territory of the Kamchatka Territory as of December 20, 2017 // State Catalog of Geographical Names. rosreestr.ru.
- β Index of geographical names // General characteristics of the territory / comp. and preparation. to the ed. PKO "Cartography" and the State Center "Nature" in 2004; ch. ed. A. N. Krajukhin ; open Ed .: G.V. Pozdnyak , N.N. Polunkina , N.V. Smurova . - M .: Roskartografiya, 2004. - ( National Atlas of Russia : 4 vols ; 2004-2008, vol. 1). - ISBN 5-85120-217-3 .
- β Sakhalin Region / Samoilova G.S., Goryachko M.D. et al. // Romania - Saint-Jean-de-Luz. - M .: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2015 .-- S. 480β488. - (The Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004β2017, vol. 29). - ISBN 978-5-85270-366-8 .
- β 1 2 V.P. Kuskov. Kurilskoye // Brief toponymic dictionary of the Kamchatka region: (From the history of the origin of geographical names) / V. P. Kuskov ; Kamchatka Division of the Geographical Society of the USSR ; [ed. B.I. Piipa and V.N. Vinogradov ; entry article by V. N. Vinogradov ; the author of the article in the appendix B. P. Polevoy ]. - Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: Far Eastern Book Publishing House, 1967. - P. 55. - 3000 copies.
- β 1 2 Leontyev V.V. , Novikova K.A. Toponymic Dictionary of the North-East of the USSR / scientific. ed. G. A. Menovschikov ; FEB AN USSR . North-East complex. Research institutes. Lab archeology, history and ethnography. - Magadan: Magad. Prince Publishing House , 1989 .-- S. 215. - 456 p. - 15,000 copies. - ISBN 5-7581-0044-7 .
- β Kuril Lake (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 3, 2018. Archived March 4, 2018. // Great Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 14, p. 32. - Moscow, 1973
- β Kuril Lake // Geographical Encyclopedic Dictionary: Geographic Names / Ed. A.F. Treshnikov . - 2nd ed., Ext. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1989. - S. 267. - 210 000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-057-6 .
- β Kuril Lake // Geography of Russia: Dictionary / Ch. ed. A.P. Gorkin. - Moscow: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1998.
- β Kuril Lake // Dictionary of Modern Geographic Names / edited by Acad. V.M. Kotlyakova. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria, 2006.
- β Data obtained using the Yandex.Maps mapping service.
- β S.P. Krasheninnikov . Description of the land of Kamchatka: with adj. reports, reports, and other unpubl. materials / S.P. Krasheninnikov; open Ed .: L. S. Berg, A. A. Grigoriev, N. N. Stepanov. - Moscow; Leningrad: Publishing House of the Glavsevmorputi, 1949. - P. 141
- β Kronotsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve - Kuril Lake
- β 1 2 Physico-geographical features of Kamchatka
- β Map sheet M-57-15 Vlk Zheltovskaya Sopka . Scale: 1: 100,000. Terrain condition for 1974. 1987 edition
See also
- List of the deepest lakes in Russia