Sim is a city (since November 13, 1942) in the Ashinsky district of the Chelyabinsk region of Russia . The administrative center of Simsk city settlement . The population is 13,170 [1] people. (2017).
| City | |||
| Sim | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
| A country |  Russia | ||
| Subject of the federation | Chelyabinsk region | ||
| Municipal District | Ashinsky | ||
| Urban settlement | Simskoye | ||
| History and Geography | |||
| Based | in 1759 | ||
| First mention | in 1759 | ||
| Former names | until 1928 - Simsky Zavod | ||
| City with | 1942 | ||
| Center height | 312 m | ||
| Timezone | UTC + 5 | ||
| Population | |||
| Population | ↘ 13,170 [1] people ( 2017 ) | ||
| Nationalities | Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs | ||
| Denominations | Orthodox, Sunni Muslims | ||
| Katoykonim | simachi, simach; Simchan, Simchan, Simchanka; | ||
| Digital identifiers | |||
| Telephone code | +7 35159 | ||
| Postcode | 456022 | ||
| OKATO Code | 75209505 | ||
| OKTMO Code | |||
| gorodsim.ru | |||
By order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2014 No. 1398-r “On approval of the list of single-industry towns”, the Simsk urban settlement was included in the category “Single-industry municipalities of the Russian Federation (single-industry towns) in which there are risks of worsening socio-economic conditions” [2] .
Content
Geography
The city is located on the Sim river, 27 km from the regional center of Asha , 330 km from Chelyabinsk , 9 km from the Simskaya railway station in the historical direction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. [3] Federal highway M-5 Ural passes through the city.
Climate
Temperate climate. July is the warmest month of the year, its average temperature is 17.7 ° C. And the coldest month is January, with an average temperature of -16.3 ° C.
The average annual rainfall is 445 mm.
History
By decree of the Berg-College of Her Majesty Empress Elizabeth of March 29, 1759, it was prescribed
“... to the breeder Matvey Myasnikov with the Syzran merchant Yakov Petrov at the mine they’ve found ... in the Ufa province in the dachas of the Shaitan-Kudey volost ... on the Sim river to build an iron-working plant with two blast furnaces and with them a plant with nine valid and three spare hammers ..."
On February 18, 1763, the Orenburg mountain authorities reported to the Berg collegium about the beginning of the work of the factories of college assessors Tverdyshev and Myasnikov - Yuryuzansky and Simsky, which began to forge cast iron smelted in Katav-Ivanovsk. In 1763, a large Russian village was formed at 20 versts on the river Yral (Yral) that flows into the Sim river and belongs to the Tverdyshevsky Iron Works. Simsky plant was one of many factories based in the Urals during the period of Russia's participation in the Seven Years' War, wars with Turkey.
On March 16, 1759, the Berg-collegium issued a ruling on allowing breeders to build a plant on the Sim River, and in 1761 the plant began to produce products [4] . At the same time, a settlement arose at the plant. In 1773, more than 900 registered peasants worked at the plant.
On May 23, 1774 , during the Peasant War of 1773-1775 , a detachment of Bashkir rebels led by Pugachev's Colonel Salavat Yulaev and his father Yulai Aznalin attacked the Simsky plant. About 60 factory workers, working people and peasants were killed. A factory, a factory with a dam, a church and a factory village were burned [5] . The attack occurred due to the fact that the lands on which it was built were alienated 15 years earlier from the family of the attacking Bashkirs.
On May 30, 1774, a new church of the Simsky plant was opened, built instead of the burned one. By September 1777, the factory was restored. Mostly serfs of factory owners worked on it [6] .
In 1895, the first public library began to operate. In 1898 a lower craft school for 40 students was opened. In 1897, the first cultural and educational institution was built and opened - the People’s House of sobriety society with a library, sideboard, and drama groups.
In 1898, the Samara-Zlatoust railway was laid 9 km from Sim. This dramatically affected the economy of the plant and the settlement. A narrow-gauge horse railway was built from Sim to Simskaya station
In 1913, the plants became part of the Simskoe Mining Plant Society JSC and the first agricultural factory in the Urals. machines and guns. " In 1914, plants switched to the production of weapons.
On December 8, 1917 , after the October Revolution, Simsky factories were nationalized by the Soviet government [7] .
In 1935, the plant from the jurisdiction of Uralselmash passed into the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Warehousing and was renamed the Simsky Wagon Plant. Up to 1941, the main products of the plant remained parokonny moves, ambulance and machine-gun gigs, car bodies, camping kitchens, caravans [8] .
On August 11, 2011, on the Simskaya - Yeral section, a train crashed as a result of which 2 trains went off the rails and 2 people died.
Population
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1931 [9] | 1959 [10] | 1967 [9] | 1970 [11] | 1979 [12] | 1989 [13] | 1992 [9] |
| 6600 | ↗ 13 897 | ↗ 19 000 | ↘ 18 929 | ↗ 21 329 | ↘ 20 164 | ↗ 20,200 |
| 1996 [9] | 1998 [9] | 2000 [9] | 2001 [9] | 2002 [14] | 2003 [9] | 2005 [9] |
| ↘ 18 600 | ↘ 18,200 | ↘ 17 900 | ↘ 17 600 | ↘ 16 377 | ↗ 16,400 | ↘ 15 900 |
| 2006 [9] | 2007 [9] | 2008 [9] | 2009 [15] | 2010 [16] | 2011 [17] | 2012 [18] |
| ↘ 15 600 | ↘ 15 500 | ↘ 15 400 | ↘ 15 250 | ↘ 14 466 | ↘ 14 429 | ↘ 14 229 |
| 2013 [19] | 2014 [20] | 2015 [21] | 2016 [22] | 2017 [1] | ||
| ↘ 13 969 | ↘ 13 672 | ↘ 13 542 | ↘ 13 365 | ↘ 13,170 | ||
People associated with the city
Sim (then Simsky Zavod) is the birthplace of the famous physicist Igor Kurchatov , one of the creators of the atomic bomb , Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Izyumov , a major Soviet economic and public figure Nikolai Volkov .
Attractions
- Church in the name of St. Dmitry of Solunsky;
- Kurchatov Museum Room;
- Monument to the Komsomol members of the 60s;
- Church of the Presentation of the Lord;
- The obelisk at the meeting place of the partisans of the Simsky and Minyarsky factories;
- Historical and Revolutionary Museum;
- Sukhodol Sim River;
- Serpievsky cave city.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Date of treatment July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2014 No. 1398-r “On approval of the list of single-industry towns”
- ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. B. A. Vvedensky, 2nd ed. T. 39. Sighisoara - Juices. 1956. 664 pp., Ill. and cards; 42 l ill. and cards.
- ↑ Simskiy plant "Aggregate" - 250 years
- ↑ Plotnikov Roman Nesterovich
- ↑ Pavlenko N.I. History of metallurgy in Russia of the 18th century. Factories and factory owners. M., 1962. S.236, 240-242; Andrushchenko A. I. The Peasant War of 1773-1775 on Yaik, in the Urals, in the Urals and in Siberia. M., 1969. S.163, 206, 207, 330, 331; Gvozdikova I.M. Salavat Yulaev. A study of documentary sources. Ufa, 1982. S.112-114, 152-157.
- ↑ Simskie factories (inaccessible link)
- ↑ Simsky Plant OJSC “Aggregate” (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment July 14, 2010. Archived on May 7, 2013.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 People's Encyclopedia “My City”. Sim (Chelyabinsk region)
- ↑ 1959 All-Union Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1989 All-Union Population Census. The urban population . Archived on August 22, 2011.
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regions, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more . Archived February 3, 2012.
- ↑ The number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009 . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ Volumes of the official publication of the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census in the Chelyabinsk region. Volume 1. "The number and distribution of the population of the Chelyabinsk region." Table 11 . Chelyabinskstat. Date of treatment February 13, 2014. Archived on February 13, 2014.
- ↑ The number of permanent population of the Chelyabinsk region in the context of municipalities as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment April 12, 2014. Archived April 12, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service of Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived on August 2, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived on August 6, 2015.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
Links
- An article in the Encyclopedia of the Chelyabinsk region
- The official website of the administration of the Simsk city settlement
- Sim in the encyclopedia "My city"
- The history of the coat of arms of Sim
- Photos of Sim 1910. Photographer Prokudin-Gorsky
- Sim in the encyclopedia of Ashinsky district
- Simskiy mining plant. Reference article.
- List of Cultural Heritage Sites in Wikiguide