Peter Efimovich Shchetinkin ( December 21, 1884 [ January 2, 1885 ], village of Chufilovo , Ryazan province [1] - September 30, 1927 , Ulan Bator [2] ) - one of the leaders of the Soviet partisan movement in the Yenisei province during the civil war [3 ] .
| Peter Efimovich Schetinkin | |||||||||||
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| Date of Birth | December 21, 1884 ( January 2, 1885 ) | ||||||||||
| Place of Birth | with. Chufilovo , Kasimov Uyezd , Ryazan Province , Russian Empire [1] | ||||||||||
| Date of death | September 30, 1927 (42 years old) | ||||||||||
| Place of death | Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia | ||||||||||
| Affiliation |  Russian empire RSFSR the USSR | ||||||||||
| Years of service | 1906 - 1909 , 1911 - 1917 , 1917 - 1927 | ||||||||||
| Rank |  captain | ||||||||||
| Battles / wars | World War I Civil war in Russia Mongolian operation | ||||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Content
Biography
Early years
Born into a peasant family [2] [4] . Soon lost his mother [5] . A big role in his upbringing was played by his sister.
From childhood, he worked in a forge, podpasku, carpentered with his father in the villages. In 1900, after two years of study at a parish school, he came with his father to Moscow, where he worked on contracting construction work.
1906-1917
In 1906, drafted into the army.
He served in the third company of the 29th Siberian Rifle Regiment , which was stationed in Achinsk . Having retired to the reserve in 1909, he lived, working as a carpenter, in the village of Krasnovka, Achinsky district . He married the daughter of a peasant Vassa Andreevna Cherepanova [5] .
In August 1911 he returned to long service in the same regiment. After graduating from the school of ensigns in 1913, he was promoted to sergeant major and enrolled in the 5th company of the 29th Siberian Rifle Regiment [5] .
After the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, he went to the front with the regiment, and in April 1915 he became the Full St George Knight for courage shown [4] [5] .
Subsequently, as the Full Cavalier of St. George, he was promoted to ensign [2] .
In December 1916, he was appointed head of the training team of the 59th Siberian Rifle Regiment , promoted to officer, and by 1917 received the staff captain [5] .
Also, during the First World War he was awarded two French orders [2] .
He did not take part in the events of the February and October Revolution, in December 1917 he became the head of the criminal investigation department and the head of the operational department of the Achinsk Council [4] .
1918-1920
In February 1918 he became a member of the county executive committee of Achinsky district and the head of its military department [4] .
In March 1918 he joined the RCP (b) [2] [3] [4] [5] .
After the rebellion of the Czechoslovak corps, he participated in the establishment of Soviet power in Achinsk [5] . At the end of May 1918 , he became a member of the military revolutionary troika of the Achinsk district executive committee for the leadership of the struggle against the white whites [4] , took the post of commander of the Red Guard detachment, who fought against the Czechoslovak Corps and the White Guards . Then the squad leader on the Mariinsky Front. He showed outstanding commanding abilities in battles in Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk and Minusinsk counties. He was distinguished by courage, courage, contempt for lust for power.
After the overthrow of the Soviet power in Siberia, the White Belts and White Guards hid under the name of Peter Eremin, participated in the underground struggle. On December 16, 1918, he joined the underground Bolshevik organization operating in the village of Lapshikha under the leadership of the chairman of the underground provincial committee Marutko.
In December 1918, he organized a partisan detachment in Lapshikha [4] , which on January 5, 1919 began active operations.
On January 15, 1919, the report of the manager of the Achinsky district to the governor of the Yenisei province mentioned the appearance of a former officer Shchetinkin with a detachment of 12 in Pokrovsky district [5] .
Since March 1919 , the commander of the North Achinsk partisan army [4] .
In April 1919, the partisans of Shchetinkin were surrounded by white troops under the command of General S. N. Rozanov , but managed to get out of the encirclement. The detachment connected with the partisan detachment of A. D. Kravchenko , and in April 1919, Shchetinkin became deputy commander and chief of staff of the united partisan army [4] . Having made a 700-kilometer crossing through the taiga to the south, partisan forces occupied Minusinsk in September 1919 [5] .
On January 4, 1920 , in the village of Nazarovo, partisans joined forces with the advancing 5th Army of the Red Army [5] and in January 1920, Shchetinkin was appointed commander of the Yenisei Rifle Division (formed from partisans) [4] .
In 1920 , by decision of the Sibrevkom, he was appointed a member of the representatives of several parties of the Extraordinary Revolutionary Tribunal, who tried the ministers of the government of Admiral Kolchak [4] , after which, from June 1920, he was authorized by the Central Commission for the restoration of the destroyed economy of the Yenisei province [5] . At the same time, he performed the duties of a member of the Krasnoyarsk provincial executive committee and deputy chairman of the Achinsky district executive committee, a member of the Achinsky and Minusinsky district committees of the RCP (b) [4] .
In August 1920, he was engaged in the formation of Red Army units to be sent to the Western and Southern Fronts, became the organizer and commander of the volunteer 21st Siberian Rifle Regiment of the Red Army , which in September-October 1920 fought against the troops of General Wrangel and took part in the assault on Perekop [4 ] .
In December 1920, as a delegate from the Yenisei province, he participated in the VIII All-Russian Congress of Soviets [4] [5] .
1921-1927
From March 1921, the squadron commander in the expeditionary corps of the Red Army, sent at the request of Suhe-Bator and instructed by V.I. Lenin to help revolutionary Mongolia , participated in the struggle against the Asian division invading Transbaikalia in May-August 1921. Lieutenant R. F. Ungern-Sternberg (the government of the MPR awarded him the honorary title of "iron batyr") [4] . On August 19, 1921 , a detachment under the command of Shchetinkin, which was part of the 35th cavalry regiment of the Red Army , captured Ungern, captured by the Mongolian prince Bishereltu-gun.
In October 1921 he was sent to Moscow with a report, after which he was enrolled as a student in military-academic courses of the higher command staff of the Red Army, which he graduated in 1922 and was sent to Novosibirsk with the order to lead the work on creating border units in Siberia [5 ] .
Since March 1922, regiment commander, assistant chief inspector. Head of the regional department of the Plenipotentiary Representation of the OGPU in Siberia.
From October 1922 to 1926 - Chief of Staff of the Border Troops of the Siberian Border District [4] .
In March 1925, he participated in an operation in the Ziminsky district of Irkutsk province, during which a half squadron of cavalry of the 9th Siberian Regiment and a platoon of cadets-skiers of a border school surrounded and eliminated Zamashchikov’s gang [5] .
In October 1925 - July 1926 he studied at the courses of the highest command staff of the Red Army.
In August 1926, at the invitation of the Government of the Mongolian People's Republic, he was invited to Mongolia as a military adviser and instructor [5] , worked as an instructor of the State Military Guard [4] . He was the secretary of the party.
On the night of September 30, 1927, he was killed in Ulan Bator [2] [4] [5] .
October 11, 1927 was buried in Novosibirsk in the Square of Heroes of the Revolution [6] .
Rewards
- 1st degree cross of St. George [4] [5]
- St. George Cross 2nd degree [4] [5]
- 3rd degree cross of St. George [4] [5]
- St. George Cross 4th degree [4] [5] (1914)
- two french orders [2]
- two St. George medals “For courage”Kozhevnikov, Gennady Nikolaevich. Petr Efimovich Shchetinkin (1885-1927): [poster] / G. N. Kozhevnikov, N. M. Selin, I. N. Shubina. - Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk worker, 1977. - 1
- Order of the Red Banner [2] No. 2209 [5] (1921) [4]
- Badge “ Honorary Chekist ” No. 175 [5]
- honorary title "Timur-Bator Jal-Jul ” [4] [5]
Memory
Streets in Balakhta , Achinsk , Novosibirsk , Kemerovo , Taiga , Krasnoyarsk , Irkutsk , Omsk , Zheleznogorsk , Uzhur , Tatarsk , Rubtsovsk and Abakan are named after Peter Shchetinkin. In Minusinsk there is a Shchetinkin square where a monument is erected to him. In Kyzyl, one of the streets is named after Shchetinkina-Kravchenko. In the working village of Tuma, Klepikovsky district of the Ryazan region (its homeland is 5 km from the working village) and in the village of Belyk, Krasnoturansky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory, there are Shchetinkina streets. A village in the Krasnoyarsk Territory is named after Shchetinkin.
In 1928, the Selengin State Shipping Company named the steamer after Shchetinkin [7] .
In 1957 , a bust of Schetinkin was installed in the Park of Heroes of the Revolution in Novosibirsk.
In popular culture
In 1971, the Sverdlovsk film studio shot the feature film "The Nomadic Front ", one of the heroes of which was P. E. Schetinkin. The role of Shchetinkin was played by Peter Glebov .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Now - Klepikovsky district , Ryazan region , Russia .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Shchetinkin Peter Efimovich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia. / ed. A.M. Prokhorova. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1978. - T. 29. - S. 537-538.
- ↑ 1 2 Shchetinkin Pyotr Efimovich // Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. - 4th ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1986. - S. 1535.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Schetinkin Pyotr Efimovich // Civil war and military intervention in the USSR. Encyclopedia / redkoll., Ch. ed. S. S. Khromov. - 2nd ed. - M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1987. p. 685
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 A. Belskaya. Peter Efimovich Schetinkin // Our fellow countrymen / collection, comp. A. Gordin. Novosibirsk, West Siberian Book Publishing House. 1972. pp. 139-158
- ↑ Comrade Funeral Schetinkina // Buryat-Mongol truth. Verkhneudinsk. Number 232 October 13, 1927. page 1
- ↑ "Shchetinkin" // Buryat-Mongol truth. Verkhneudinsk. No. 166 (1434). July 22, 1928. page 3
Literature
- Shchetinkin. The fight against Kolchakism. - Novosibirsk, Sibkrayizdat, 1929.
- Kashutkin P.V. Tale of the Siberian Chapaev. - M., 1971. - 175 p.
- Peshkin F.N.P. Shchetinkin, Krasnoyarsk, 1970 .-- 155 p.
- G. Dumbadze. What contributed to our defeat in Siberia during the Civil War.