Adamawa - the emirate in Fumbin ( Central Africa ) at the end of the 19th century , was located in the upper Benue River, on the territory of modern Nigeria and Cameroon, on the Adamawa plateau in the southeast of Sokoto , south of Bornu , southwest of Bagirmi , 137 365 sq. M. km
Adamawa was a province of the kingdom of Sokoto, but the governor supplied ruled completely independently, calling himself the emir. The most significant tribe is the batta . The main city is Jola, or Iola, at (from Ferro), inhabitants - 12 000 [ when? ] , the city itself is not ancient.
The state of Adamawa was formed at the beginning of the XIX century as a result of the uprising of Osman Dan Fodio and the conquest of the local feudal elite of the fulbe. At first, the state was called Fombina, and received the final name by the name of its founder and the first ruler - Adama, the son of one of the leaders of the Fulbe. Adama joined the jihad ("holy war"), which was declared by Osman . He granted Adam the title of lamido fombina (“ruler of the south”). Jihad, begun by Adam in 1806 (according to another version, in 1809), lasted more than 40 years.
By the time Adamawa was formed, the process of forming feudal relations was at an initial stage here: the sources of income for the tops of the fulbe were feeding, tribute, military booty, and also the exploitation of slaves. Social stratification coincided to a greater extent with ethnic one. In the mid-19th century, slaves were a significant group of the dependent population. After the death of Adama in 1848, the power and influence of the lamido (ruler) decreased due to the growth of the power of the top of the fulbe and dynastic feuds and only strengthened again in the reign of the fourth lamido - Zubeir (1890-1901). He resisted the British and German colonialists who entered Adamawa territory and captured it in 1901-1903. Outlying lands were captured by France. In 1907-1911, the territory of Adamawa was divided between Great Britain, Germany and France and later became part of the British colony and protectorate of Nigeria (Yola province, from 1926 - the province of Adamawa), British Cameroon (since 1922) and French Cameroon.