Acmeism (from the Greek. Άκμη - flowering, blooming time) is a literary movement opposed to symbolism and originated at the beginning of the 20th century in Russia . Acmeists proclaimed the materiality, the subject matter of subjects and images, the accuracy of the word. Acmeism is the cult of concreteness, the “materiality” of the image, it is “the art of precisely measured and measured words.” On December 19, 1912, the Acmeism program was publicly announced for the first time. This event occurred in the cabaret "Stray Dog " in St. Petersburg .
The formation of Acmeism is closely connected with the activity of the Poets ' Workshop , the oppositional Academy of Verse , whose central figures were the founders of Acmeism, Nikolai Gumilyov , Anna Akhmatova (was the secretary of the Workshop) and Sergey Gorodetsky .
Contemporaries gave the term and other interpretations: Vladimir Piast saw its origins in the pseudonym of Anna Akhmatova , which in Latin sounds like “akmatus”, some pointed to its connection with the Greek “akme” - “point”.
The term “Acmeism” was proposed in 1912 by Nikolai Gumilyov and Sergey Gorodetsky : in their opinion, the symbolism undergoing a crisis is being replaced by a trend that generalizes the experience of predecessors and leads the poet to new heights of creative achievements.
The name for the literary movement, according to Andrei Bely , was chosen in the heat of controversy and was not fully justified: Vyacheslav Ivanov spoke about “Acmeism” and “Adamism” as a joke, Nikolai Gumilev picked up a group of poets who were close to him by chance.
Features Acmeism:
- The intrinsic value of a single thing and every life phenomenon
- The purpose of art is to enrich human nature;
- The pursuit of artistic transformation of imperfect life phenomena;
Acmeism in writers' works
Acmeism was established in the theoretical works and artistic practice of Nikolai Gumilev (article "The Legacy of Symbolism and Acmeism" 1913 ), Sergei Gorodetsky ("Some trends in modern Russian poetry" 1913), Osip Mandelstam (article "Morning of Acmeism", published in 1919) Anna Akhmatova , Mikhail Zenkevich , Georgiy Ivanov , Elizaveta Kuzmina-Karavaeva .
In 1913–1918, the Hyperborei literary collection of acmeist poets was published.
Literature
- Kazak V. Lexicon of Russian literature of the XX century = Lexikon der russischen Literatur ab 1917 / [trans. with him.]. - M .: RIK "Culture", 1996. - XVIII, 491, [1] p. - 5000 copies - ISBN 5-8334-0019-8 .
- L. Kikhney. G. Acmeism: Worldview and Poetics. - 2nd ed. - M .: Planeta, 2005. - 184 p. - 5-88547-097-X
Links
- N. Gumilev. "The Legacy of Symbolism and Acmeism"
- The article in the encyclopedia "Krugosvet"
- An article in the Literary Encyclopedia (1929)
- Acmeism - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- OMRI RONEN. Acmeism
- Acmeism - best books
- Oleg Lekmanov . The concept of "Silver Age" and Acmeism in notebooks by A. Akhmatova