Vaimusha

Geographical position

Vaimusha is located 7 kilometers southeast of the village of Karpogory on the right bank of the Pinega River , below the confluence of the Varda River. Opposite Vaimushi, on the left bank of the Pinega River, there are villages of the rural settlement of Kevrola .

The terrain is diverse - the village itself is located on a steep hill, there are hills and lowlands. Meadows stretch along the Pinega River between the village and the river along the entire length of the village.

Climate

Vaimusha is located in the temperate climate zone. Climate features are determined by three factors: a small amount of solar radiation in winter, exposure to the northern seas and intensive western transport of air masses. All this leads to short, cool summers and long (5-6 months), cold winters with stable snow cover. The average winter temperature is -11 ÷ -32ºС (in the coldest month - January - it can reach -45ºС). Frequent snowstorms are characteristic. In winter, south and south-west winds prevail, the average speed of which is 3-7 m / s. Precipitation in winter falls from 110 to 200 mm. The beginning of spring, characterized by the transition of air temperatures through zero degrees, falls on the first decade of April. During breakthroughs of masses of cold air from the north, temperatures of -13 ÷ -16ºС are possible. Summer lasts 3-4 months. The average temperature does not exceed + 16 - 17ºС. The winds are mainly north and north-east, their speed is about 3 m / s. Precipitation during the summer months is 400-500 mm. Autumn comes in the first ten days of September. By the end of September, daily temperatures fall below 5 ° C, frosts are already possible. In October, during the breakthrough of the Arctic air, frosts of -10 ÷ -15ºС are possible.

Background

Before the Slavs arrived in Pinega, this area was inhabited by Finno-Ugric tribes . The names of rivers, lakes, villages, tracts have been preserved from these tribes, called the “miracle” by the Novgorodians .

Occurrence. Settlement

Novgorod colonization of the Pinega River Valley began in the 12th century. The Charter of Novgorod Prince Svyatoslav of 1137 has been preserved, which lists the settlements that are obliged to pay "tithing" to Veliky Novgorod , where Kegrol , Vikhtuy and Peneese were first mentioned. ^[3] During the XV - XVI centuries. there was an intensive settlement by Russians of the Pinega River Basin. Many settlements along the Pinega River: Chakola , Kegrol , Foul Sura , Pilya Gory, Chardonnay , Verkola and others. ^[4] Vaimusha was a member of the Kevrol camp in Dvinsky district , and according to some scholars (in particular, Bulatov) V.N. , Ovsyannikova O.V. ) It was at the Vaimushsky ancient settlement that the administrative center ^{[5] was located} - the city of Kegrol . Therefore, from this time on, the history of Vaimushi can be counted, although the earliest surviving written mention - the scribe book - dates only to 1623. ^[6] Earlier censuses of the Pinega population did not survive, although there is evidence of the existence of such censuses: the scribal book of 1623 ^[7] refers to the Reference Book (hundredth) of Prince Boris Mezetskiy and the clerk Rachmanin Voronov ^[8] CHI (= 1590 ) year. " ^[9]

The population of the village, according to the 2010 All-Russian Census , is 723 people ^[13] .

In December 2002, a territorial public self-government was organized in Vaimush. ^[14] TOS "Vaimushsky village" - one of the first in the Arkhangelsk region ^[15]

There is a rail link through the district center, the village of Karpogory. Bus service from Karpogor to Vaimushi several times a day. A youth club operates in the village, a secondary school operates, and MegaFon and MTS mobile operators operate.

• Vaimushskaya school of the Ist level was opened in 1900. ^[sixteen]
• The modern Vaimushskaya primary school is located in the former house of the merchant Yegor Korovin, built in 1904. ^[17] By 2018, the Oblast Administration has planned the construction of a new school building. ^[18]
• Kindergarten is located in three houses built in the late 1920s and early 1930s. ^[nineteen]
• Since the beginning of the 1970s, a remote expeditionary subauroral ( located equatorial to the auroral (from the English / French. Auroral - resembling aurora caused by aurora) area ) site “Karpogory”, ^{[20] of the} Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism has been located in Vaimusha ionosphere and radio wave propagation them. N.V. Pushkova RAS . ^[21]
• In order to carry out the Soviet-French space experiment " ARAX " to create artificial aurora over the Pinega taiga, a direct teletype connection was established between the village of Vaimushi, the city of Paris and the island of Kerguelen in the Indian Ocean from December 9, 1974.

Culture

Pinezhsky folk costume has long been of interest to researchers of various fields - ethnographers, folklorists, art historians, as well as for fashion designers and designers, because historically it happened that only in the vast territories of the Russian North the costume of the pre-Petrine era was preserved and existed. The influence of the Petrine reforms in the 18th - early 19th centuries on Pinezhye penetrated slowly, therefore the traditional way of life existed here for a long time, right up to the beginning of the 20th century. So the wedding headdresses from Vaimusha — corunas and crowns — of the late 17th – early 19th century, which came to us, arose as a result of the synthesis of folk and grand ducal hats back in pre-Mongol times. ^[22]

At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries book collections of Old Believer mentors and the most economically strong Pinezhan Old Believers took shape in Pinega. One of the most significant Old Believer libraries is the Rudakov peasants from the village of Vaimush (collections of the end of the XVIII - beginning of the XX century). ^[23]

The song tradition of Pinega, organically included in the system of peasant musical culture of the Russian North along with the song traditions of Mezen, Pechora and Pomerania, has long attracted the attention of folklorists. ^[24] The first recordings of Pinega musical folklore were made by a prominent philologist-folklorist A.D. Grigoriev in 1899 - 1901 ^[25] The systematic work on the research of the Pinega song tradition began with the expeditions of 1915-1927 of the famous collector and performer of works of Russian folk art O.E. Ozarovskaya , ^[26] as well as expeditions of the State Institute of Art History of 1927 ^[27] and 1930. Part of the materials of the GIIII expeditions was published in the academic edition of “Songs of Pinega”. ^[28]

The Vaimushsky folk choir is well known to the folklorists and ethnographers of Russia. ^[29] , ^[30] Researchers of the traditional folk culture of the academic academic centers of Moscow, ^[31] St. Petersburg ^[32] , Arkhangelsk came to record his performances. ^[33] Records of the choir were released by MELODY on sound media in 1987 and 1990. ^[34]

Attractions

• Ethnographic Museum "Origins". ^[35] Located in the house of the merchant Grigory Korovin, built in 1858. ^[36] The museum organizes exhibitions telling about household items and Pinega folk costumes. ^[37]
• Monument to the victims of the fallen in the battles for the motherland with the interventionists 1918-1920. ^[38]
• The memorial dedicated to the participants of the Great Patriotic War and the workers of the rear.
• A memorial sign at the site of a forge factory of the 19th century.

Religion

The parish of the Russian Orthodox Church consisted of three villages: Vaimuzhskaya, where the temple was located, Ainogorsk and Zalesskaya (on the right bank of the Pinega River). ^{[39] The} time of the formation of the parish is not reliably known, but according to archival data, the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker of the churchyard Vaimush Kevrolsky camp already existed in 1623. ^[40] The priest of this temple was the priest Vasily Ivanov son. ^[41] Instead of the first church burned down in 1670, in 1674, according to the church’s charters, Metropolitan Paul of Sarsky and Podonsky , a new church was built in honor of St. Nicholas, consecrated in 1675. In the scribe book of 1686 about the churchyard it was said: "On Vaimush the churchyard and on the churchyard the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker is warm and has a tented roof with 6 images of local church and northern doors." ^[42] In 1717, according to a letter from the Archbishop of Barnabas, the church was repaired, but after 30 years it was dilapidated. According to the letter of Archbishop Barsanuphius in 1747 the church was moved to another place. In 1790-1791 a stand-alone bell tower was built. In January 1793, the church burned down. A new wooden tent church was built by the "ship", with a refectory and a porch for two shoots; It was consecrated on October 20, 1800. ^[43] In 1874, the temple was repaired (sheathed with a dog). By its small size in the 1870s, the parish was part of the Karpogorsk parish. In 1885, the parish was included in the Kevrol-Shardonemsky missionary committee of the 2nd category (this category included the parishes of the Archangel diocese, which were weakly infected with the Old Believer schism). In 1894, the clergy owned 20 acres of land and a clerical house. ^[44]

In the late 1920s, the parish was closed, the church was rebuilt as a club. Burned down in 1998.

Architecture

• Kobeleva’s grain barn (1852) - an architectural monument of Federal significance (monument code: 2910100033) ^[45] - was transferred from Vaimushi to the Malye Korely exposition of the State Museum of Wooden Architecture of the Russian North in 1971. ^[46]
• The grain barn of Nifantieva (1881) - an architectural monument of Federal significance (monument code: 2910100065) ^[47] - was transported in 1971 from Vaimushi to the exposition of the State Museum of Wooden Architecture of the Russian North "Small Korely." ^[48]
• The Fofanovs bath (monument code 2910100041) ^{[49] of the} late 19th century was moved from Vaimushi to the Malye Korely exhibition of the State Museum of Wooden Architecture of the Russian North. ^[50]
• Nicholas Church (1800) - a monument of architecture of Federal significance (monument code: 2930280000) - was lost.

Reflection in Literature and Art

The story of F. Abramov "In St. Petersburg for a sundress" ^[51] describes the real case of a peasant woman in the village of Vaimusha. The heroine of the story - a very young girl - decides to go on foot to St. Petersburg to earn money in order to get herself a wonderful “St. Petersburg” sundress that would kill all the local guys for a walk. ^[52]

• Milchik M.I. On the banks of Pinega and Mezen , L .: Art, 1971
• Larin O.I. In the rhythm of Pinega , Moscow: Thought, 1975 - 143 p.
• Northern Russian fairy tales in A.I. Nikiforova / Edition prepared by V.Ya. Propp , M.-L.: Ed. USSR Academy of Sciences, 1961 - 386 p.
• Tales and Traditions of the Northern Territory / In I.V. Karnaukhova, M .: OGI - 544 p .; 2009 ( ISBN 978-5-94282-508-9 ).
• The lyrics of the Russian wedding / Edition prepared by N.P. Kolpakova, L .: Nauka, 1973 - 324 p.
• Simina G.Ya. Geographic Names (Based on Written Monuments and Contemporary Toponymy of Pinezhia) , L .: Nauka, 1980
• Ritual poetry of Pinezhia: Materials of the folklore expeditions of Moscow State University to the Pinezhsky District of the Arkhangelsk Region (1970-1972) / Pod. ed. Savushkina N.I., L .: Publishing house of Moscow University, 1980 - 280 p.
• Ivanova A.A., Kalutskov V.N. Light Pinezhye: travel around the edge . / Guide-book, Arkhangelsk: OAO IPP Pravda Severa, 2009 - 168 p. ( ISBN 978-5-85879-601-5 )
• Ivanova A.A., Kalutskov V.N., Fadeeva L.V. Holy places in the cultural landscape of Pinezha . - M.: OGI, 2009. - 512 s. ( ISBN 978-5-94282-579-9 )
• Danilova G.A. Pinega: essays on nature, history and culture , Arkhangelsk: OAO IPP Pravda Severa, 2009 - 511 p. ( ISBN 978-5-85879-591-9 )
• Nevzorov L.I. Enchanted verst . - Arkhangelsk: OJSC IPP "Pravda Severa", 2011. - S. 51-95. ( ISBN 978-5-85879-707-4 )
• Nevzorov L.I. Pinezhsky binge - 3 . - Arkhangelsk: OAO IPP "Pravda Severa", 2015. - S. 264-305. ( ISBN 978-5-99007486-3 -7)

• The regional law “On the status and boundaries of the territories of municipalities in the Arkhangelsk region” as amended by the regional law No. 133-10-OZ of February 15, 2010
• Live 04/22/2016 - Sister across the seven seas
• Forum "In the North"
• Open community on VK
• Waimushona on the Field of Miracles
• Vaimusha on the program from 07/25/2018 "Escape from the city" on the TV TRAVEL channel