Grenada is a famous poem by Mikhail Svetlov written in 1926 .
| Grenada | |
|---|---|
| Genre | poem |
| Author | Mikhail Svetlov |
| Original language | Russian |
| Date of writing | 1926 |
| Date of first publication | 08/29/1926 |
We rode in step, we raced in battles
And the “ Bullseye ” —the song was kept in the teeth.
Ah, this song is still kept
Young grass - steppe malachite.
But a different song about a distant land
My friend drove with him in the saddle.
He sang, looking around
Native land:
“Grenada, Grenada, My Grenada!” [K 1] .
Content
Creation History
As Mikhail Svetlov himself said, the poem was born in a controversy with Leopold Averbach , one of the ideologists of the RAAP , about the legitimacy of romance in proletarian poetry: in shame on the RAAP, to spite Averbach, he decided to write something foreign-romantic; at first it was even supposed to be a “serenade from the life of the Spanish giants” [1] [2] .
At one time, Vasily Zhukovsky created, specifically for translations of German romantic poetry, a poetic size - a four- foot amphibrach with a male rhyme; this size, as many literary scholars believed, was written and "Grenada" [1] . Although Svetlov’s poem was actually written by double-footed amphibrach and there are not four, but eight verses in his stanza (in all author’s publications, such a breakdown is known that is known in Russian poetry, for example, from A. K. Tolstoy ’s Gypsy Songs), among contemporaries the size of "Grenada" evoked associations with German romantic poetry. And, since in literary circles Svetlov’s fascination with the poetry of G. Heine was well known, his “Grenada” was perceived as an application for the role of “red Heine” [1] .
Meanwhile, literary scholars note in Svetlovskaya Grenada the treatment of rhythm that is characteristic of both modernist poetry and Russian song folklore . During the First World War , a soldier song was widely distributed with the following words:
| Goodbye dear ones Goodbye My friends, Goodbye dear My bride |
This song could be known to the author of Grenada, and the almost literal coincidence with the first two lines of Svetlovsky's “Farewell, family / Farewell family” could be intentional - an attempt to create a new soldier’s song, whose hero is not torn from his native home, from his usual life and beloved by force of circumstances, but leaves himself to fulfill his cherished dream [1] .
Since Svetlov’s poem refers to the “Grenada volost in Spain”, it refers to the province of Granada in southern Spain (and not the island state in the Caribbean of Grenada ), but in the 19th century the normative name of this province and the city was “Grenada” [K 2] . From the beginning of the 20th century, this transcription was gradually supplanted by the Granada variant; in Pavlenkov ’s Encyclopedic Dictionary of 1918, the main variant of the name is Granada, and the permissible is Granada.
Published in Komsomolskaya Pravda on August 29, 1926, Grenada by Svetlova immediately became famous; On December 31, 1926, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote to Boris Pasternak : “Tell Svetlov (Young Guard) that his Grenada — my beloved — almost said: my best is a verse for all these years. Yesenin did not have a single one. However, do not say this - let Yesenin sleep peacefully ” [3] . L. Yu. Brik recalled that V.V. Mayakovsky approvingly welcomed the appearance of new good poems and positively related to Svetlov's work: “He read Grenada at home and on the street, sang, trumped it with speeches, boasted more than if he wrote it himself! ” [4] .
Reflection in Culture
In 1952, Olga Berggolz dedicated the poem “Sisterhood” to Svetlovskaya “Grenada”, which began with the words: “We were walking in Stalingrad ...” Bergholz identified the nameless hero Svetlov with the pilot Viktor Khuslyanov - in 1918, he was 13 years old as a teenager, he and his father left for the front, but did not die, became a military man and in 1936-1937 he participated in the Spanish Civil War :
| But only, probably, the poet was mistaken: that lad - he was not killed by white. Nineteen unthinkable years have passed - he still fought for the city of Madrid. [one] |
A few decades later, the poet Naum Olev wrote a poem (set to music by Boris Savelyev ) “Immortal Grenada”, which began with the following words:
| Read volume of Svetlovsky verses, Immortal lines are sharper than blades [5] . |
And Svetlov’s Grenada itself was addressed at various times by many composers, including Yuri Chichkov , Konstantin Listov , Mikael Tariverdiev , and Abram Kabakov .
One of the most successful transcriptions of this poem to music belongs to Viktor Berkovsky .
The popularity of this poem in the Soviet era and in the future generated a lot of allusions and direct quotes. So, the first quatrain “We rode in a step ...” Oleg Medvedev used as the epigraph to his song “Scarlet Wings” [6] . Boris Grebenshchikov ’s song “ Fog over the Yangtze ” contains an allusion to the quatrain “Answer, Aleksandrovsk ...” [7] . The line "The detachment did not notice the loss of a fighter" gave the name to the song of Yegor Letov (album " Jump-Skok "); each of the three verses of the song ends with this line [8] . The same line is cited in the song of Boris Grebenshchikov " Electric Dog " [9] .
In October 2015, Novaya Gazeta published a poem by Dmitry Bykov “Nenada” - a parody of “Grenada”, ending with the lines:
| Spaces sob like a hundred bores. They leave theirs, strangers curse, - under the yoke of decay, under the thickness of lies Nenada, Nenada, My Nenada [10] . |
Comments
- ↑ Only two of the 12 stanzas of the poem are given, as its text is protected by copyright.
- ↑ For example, this is the only way they were called in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron in the 1890s.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Mikhailik E. “Grenada” by Mikhail Svetlov: where does the lad get Spanish sadness? // "UFO". - 2005. - No. 75 .
- ↑ Svetlov M. The poet is talking. - M .: Soviet writer, 1968 .-- S. 31.
- ↑ Rainer Maria Rilke, Boris Pasternak, Marina Tsvetaeva. Letters of 1926. - M .: Book, 1990 .-- S. 202, 254. - 256 p.
- ↑ Brick L. Yu. Partial Stories . www.rulit.me. Date of treatment November 22, 2018.
- ↑ Immortal Grenada . Soviet music. Date of treatment July 3, 2015.
- ↑ Oleg Medvedev - "Scarlet Wings" . www.bards.ru. Date of treatment February 21, 2018.
- ↑ Songs of the Fisherman (2003) . www.aquarium.ru. Date of treatment February 21, 2018.
- ↑ The squad did not notice the loss of a fighter / Lyrics | Civil Defense - the official website of the group . www.gr-oborona.ru. Date of treatment February 21, 2018.
- ↑ Blue Album (1981) . www.aquarium.ru. Date of treatment February 21, 2018.
- ↑ Dmitry Bykov. Nenada . New Newspaper. Date of treatment October 4, 2015.