Jankoy

Located in the north of the republic, 90 kilometers from the capital of Simferopol .

Dzhankoy Station is a railway junction at the intersection of the Kharkiv - Sevastopol and Kherson - Kerch lines.

Often the name Dzhankoy is translated from the Crimean Tatar as soul-village or sweet village ( jan - soul, koi - village). At the same time, experts in the toponymy of Crimea consider etymology to be more substantiated, deriving the name Dzhankoy from Dzhanykoy - a new village in the steppe dialect of the Crimean Tatar language ^[7] .

In the second half of the 16th - early 17th centuries, Turkic tribes settled in the Dzhankoi region, rushing here from the Northern Black Sea Coast ^[8] . Subsequently, they founded a village here ^[9] .

XIX century

First mentioned in 1855 documents. In 1860-1865, the local Tatar population was deported to the territory of the Ottoman Empire ^[9] . After some time, the colonial Germans settled empty Dzhankoy, who began to arrive in the Crimea, among other settlers after its entry into the Russian Empire ^[10] . In 1865, the population of the village of Dzhankoy was 114 people, among which there were 53 men and 61 women, with 20 yards. At each yard there was a plot of land, amounting to about 60-65 acres.

In 1871, construction of the Lozovo-Sevastopol railway began , due to which it became possible to further develop Dzhankoy as a larger settlement. The builders lived in wooden barracks and dugouts, located at the very railroad, which later formed Krymskaya Street, one of the first. The construction of the railway was completed in 1874, and on June 2 the first train passed through it. In 1892, the railway line was built connecting Dzhankoy and Theodosia . Since that time, the station Dzhankoy was assigned the status of the hub. At the end of the 19th century, the largest mill on the peninsula was erected. By 1892, there were about 50 retail shops in the village. In 1896, an elementary two-year school was opened in Dzhankoy, in 1900 - a parochial school ^[11] .

XX century

In 1903, a stone one was built on the site of a wooden station building. In October 1905, the workers of Dzhankoy took part in the All-Russian political strike ^[12] . In 1908 the railway school was founded. In 1909, the entrepreneur Khasanov’s iron foundry opened in the modern Lenin Street area, opposite the Center for Culture and Leisure. The number of workers was 80 people. Various agricultural machinery were produced, including horse threshers, plows, harrows, etc.

By the beginning of the First World War, Dzhankoy was one of the cities in the steppe part of the Crimea with the most developed agricultural industry ^[11] . The iron foundry perespetsializirovatsya on production, intended for use at the front.

June 3, 1917 Dzhankuyu assigned city status. By that time, its population was 9 thousand people. The bulk of the population were Russians, who were employees of management and public institutions, railroad attendants, merchants and industrialists.

In June of the same year, the Council of Workers 'and Peasants' Deputies included 8 Bolsheviks. At the end of August, a branch of the RSDLP (b) was formed in the city. A bureau of the party committee in Jankoi was created. There was only one hospital that served the present Krasnoperekopsky, Pervomaisky and Krasnogvardeysky districts, as well as the Saturn cinema.

Civil War

After the start of active revolutionary events in Petrograd in October 1917, a detachment of the Red Guard was formed in Dzhankoy.

In the autumn of the same year, the renamed “Mechanical Plant named after Lenina "iron enterprise Khasanova. In October, a full mixed gymnasium was organized.

On January 12, 1918, Soviet power was established in Dzhankoy with the participation of the Red Guards. The revolutionary committee begins to function. Workers were introduced at the plants, workers were confiscated, landlords were confiscated, re-election to the city council was carried out. Nikolai Terent'evich Tuboltsev becomes the commandant of Dzhankoy.

On April 19, the city was occupied by units of the German army ^[13] . On April 22, a train of the Crimean group of the UPR Army under the command of Vsevolod Petriva entered Dzhankoy, immediately upon arrival the train was blocked by German troops, and just arrived Robert Kosh said that he would not allow progress to the south of the Crimea group. To clarify the situation Petriv headed before arriving Alexander Natiev. ^[14] .

On April 8, 1919, the Bolsheviks occupied the town. On April 12 of the same year, a military revolutionary committee was formed, in the course of the reforms carried out by which the police, the administration, the court, the Duma, banks, treasuries, the factory for the production of cloth, the iron foundry, and workshops owned by Chaplikov were nationalized. In the summer of 1919, the city was captured by the White Guards, who were under the command of A. I. Denikin . For a certain period of time, the headquarters of General JA Saschev were located on the territory of Dzhankoy. A number of local Bolsheviks were subjected to repression by whites.

On November 12, 1920, during the Perekop-Chongarsk operation , the Red Army occupied Dzhankoy. The commander of the 266th rifle regiment of the 30th division, VA Aronet, was appointed the first military commander of the city.

Interwar Period

In November 1921, Dzhankuyu was given the status of the administrative center of the same district, on October 6, 1923 - the administrative center of the same district . In 1928–37, a flour milling, oil mill and cotton ginning enterprises were built.

In 1939, the Dzhankoy Auto Repair and Repair Plant during the socialist competition won first place in the Soviet Union with a specialization in the repair of tractors and motors ^[15] .

Jewish agricultural settlements in Dzhankoy

In 1919, Joseph Trumpeldor founded a center for preparing for agricultural labor of the Zionist organization He-Khalutz near Dzhankoy. In October 1922, the first Jewish agricultural commune Tel-Hai was founded near the Kolai railway station (now Azov ). The expansion of the economic activities of Tel-Hai led to the organization of a new agricultural commune (within the framework of He-Khaluts) - Ma'yan. In April 1924, Tel Hai split into Zionists and Communists, as a result of which a group of former members of Tel Hai separated and founded the commune of Mishmar near Dzhankoy .

In 1930, a Jewish agricultural commune was created in Dzhankoy ^[16] ; in 1933 it was turned into a collective farm . In 1941, the Jewish collective farm was destroyed, and about seven thousand Jewish collective farmers were shot in Dzhankoy in the winter of 1941-1942 during the Holocaust ^[17] .

Great Patriotic War

On June 22, 1941, units of the Wehrmacht, crossing the border, invaded the territory of the USSR . On August 18, the Luftwaffe inflicted an airstrike on the Dzhankoy railway junction, after which a partisan detachment was formed on the territory of Dzhankoy from the most active members of the CPSU (b) and the Komsomol, which was to be deployed in the forests in the area of Belogorsk . In the first half of October, in connection with the approach of the front line to the city, the partisans moved into the mountains. The scope of their actions included the destruction of Nazi armored vehicles, military personnel, the elimination of bridges, the undermining of railway lines .

October 31, the Germans occupied Dzhankoy. In school No. 1 and on the territory of the cotton ginning enterprise, prisoner of war camps are located.

On April 11, 1944, the city was liberated by the Red Army.

As of January 1, 2019, the city’s population was in the 400th place out of 1,115 ^[32] cities of the Russian Federation ^[33] .

Ethnic composition

1805 year - 173 people (167 Crimean Tatars, 7 yasyrey ).

1926 - 8310 people (5603 Russians (67.4%), 933 Jews (11.2%), 473 Germans (5.7%), 322 Crimean Tartars (3.9%)).

According to the 2001 and 2014 population censuses:

The Dzhankoy Elevator is located in Dzhankoy, which accepts grains and oilseeds. The city also has plants: engineering (part of the shops stopped working and closed), reinforced concrete structures, animal feed, meat processing plant, dairy, canning (in 2010-2011, was sold and destroyed), household goods factory, confectionery, bakery. The city's economy is plummeting. Investments in social infrastructure are practically absent, medium and small businesses are in decline. The economic situation of citizens deteriorates every year, which is at odds with the official statistics that hide the facts of economic decline.

Station Dzhankoy Crimean railway . An important role is played by the Dzhankoy station locomotive depot.

Near Dzhankoy ends self-flowing part of the North-Crimean channel . At the moment, the North-Crimean Canal is drained and blocked by Ukraine.

In Dzhankoy there are:

• Professional Lyceum;
• Center of culture and leisure;
• City Media Center, filling the site "Dzhankoy in the lens" (former club studio "Beehive"; editor Elena Mironova);
• Cyril and Methodius Center;
• Children's music school;
• The only in the Crimea children and youth choir of sacred music "Antem" under the direction of Elena Kharchenko;
• The ensemble of modern, pop and classical dance "Vis" (headed by A. A. Donin);
• Vocal and dance show - the “Singing Stars” group (headed by N. M. Nesterenko);
• Exemplary amateur vocal ensemble "Assorted" (led by TS Gruzinova).
• Team "Radar" UID (led by G. V. Ivanov)
• Municipal educational institution of additional education for children of the city of Dzhankoy "Center for Scientific and Technical Creativity"

Newspapers:

• “The Dawn of the Prisivashya” (city-regional social-political newspaper. Published since 1933);
• "Free Territory" (information and advertising and entertainment publication. Published since 1994).

The climate is moderately hot, with moderately mild winters. Winters are mild, with little snow, with frequent thaws. Summer is hot and long, dry. The average January temperature is -1.8 ° C, July - +23.3 ° C. Rainfall is 408 mm per year.

• History, photos and attractions of Dzhankoy