Interleukin 6 ( Eng. Interleukin-6, IL-6 ) is an interleukin that can act as a pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine . It is synthesized by activated macrophages and T cells and stimulates the immune response . Especially its role is great with traumatic tissue damage, burns and other injuries leading to inflammation.
| Interleukin 6 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Designations | |
| Characters | IL1A ; HGF; BSF2; HSF; IFNB2; IL-6 |
| Entrez gene | 3569 |
| Hgnc | 6018 |
| Omim | 147620 |
| Refseq | NM_000600 |
| Uniprot | P05231 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | 7th hr , 7p15-21 -q21 |
Function
Interleukin 6 is one of the most important mediators of the acute phase of inflammation. In muscles and adipose tissue, it stimulates the mobilization of energy, which leads to an increase in body temperature, as well as the main stimulator of the synthesis of acute phase proteins by the liver, stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of B and T cells, and stimulates leukocytopoiesis. It is secreted by macrophages, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, T cells, glial cells, skin epithelial and keratinocytes after their activation by pathogen-related molecules (parts of viruses, bacteria and fungi, lipopolysaccharides) mediated by toll-like receptors , and production is also stimulated by other mediators of the response acute phase with interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor.
Interleukin 6 binds to the cell surface with a heterodimeric receptor complex called type I cytokine receptor , which consists of two transmembrane proteins : interleukin 6 receptor and gp130 (or CD130 ). This receptor binds several other interleukins, which belong to the superfamily of interleukin 6 by this trait.
Pathology
Excessive production of interleukin 6 causes tissue damage due to an autoimmune reaction, for example, damage to joints in rheumatoid arthritis, activates osteoclasts that damage bone tissue.
Interleukin 6-like cytokines
Among the cytokines that bind to gp130 during signal transduction, interleukin-6 is the most studied. Besides him, this group also includes interleukin 11 , interleukin 27 , ciliary neurotrophic factor ( CNTF ), cardiotrophin-1 ( CT-1 ), cardiotrophin-like cytokine ( CLC ), leukemia inhibitory factor ( LIF ), oncostatin ( OSM ) and KSHV -IL6 . All of them are called interleukin-6-like or gp130- binding cytokines.
Antagonists
- Synthetic antibodies against interleukin 6, based on antibodies like the camel and llama antibodies, relieved the pain symptom of arthritis in primary clinical trials. [1] [2]
- Other drugs: Siltuximab .
Interesting Facts
Experts from the University of Lübeck report [3] that ingestion of IL-6 spray through the nose allows the brain to better maintain emotional and procedural memories during sleep.
Links
- ↑ Synthetic llama antibodies soothe arthritis pain
- ↑ Antibodies of camels and llamas helped create a cure for arthritis
- ↑ Scientific publication and press release:
- Benedict C., Scheller J., Rose-John S., Born J., Marshall L. Enhancing influence of intranasal interleukin-6 on slow-wave activity and memory consolidation during sleep (English) // FASEB J. : journal. - 2009 .-- October ( vol. 23 , no. 10 ). - P. 3629-3636 . - DOI : 10.1096 / fj.08-122853 . - PMID 19546306 .
- German scientists invented a nose spray that improves memory. News article dated 10/04/09.
- IL-6 (Interleukin-6, IL-6)
- Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on muscle-derived interleukin-6 (Eng.) // Physiological reviews : journal. - 2008 .-- October ( vol. 88 , no. 4 ). - P. 1379-1406 . - DOI : 10.1152 / physrev.90100.2007 . - PMID 18923185 .
- Krook A. IL-6 and metabolism-new evidence and new questions (English) // Diabetologia : journal. - 2008 .-- July ( vol. 51 , no. 7 ). - P. 1097-1099 . - DOI : 10.1007 / s00125-008-1019-7 . - PMID 18458869 .