ALSR - Automatic Locomotive Alarm Using a Radio Channel
Classical automatic locomotive signaling systems ( ALS ) used on railways - ALSN and ALS-EN - are used to transmit signals to a locomotive rail circuit. ALSR uses a radio channel for transmitting ALS codes, solving the problem of accurately determining the coordinates of a locomotive and delivering critical data to the locomotive by radio. The locomotive positioning system is part of the ALSR and uses a combination of readings from several sources of coordinate information - the widely used wheel track and speed sensors (DPS), satellite navigation systems ( GPS / GLONASS ) and the point link channel system with the locomotive (TKS-L).
The basis of the TKS-L system is track transponders (PPO) installed on the sleepers at certain points on the track. This creates a static marking of the railway track, which allows you to discretely determine the location of the locomotive at the time of reading the software by the locomotive equipment of the ALSR system by comparing the unique number transmitted by the software to the locomotive of recording in the ALSR topological database. The developed technical solutions ensure the accuracy of locating a locomotive of the order of one meter at speeds of up to 400 km / h. The TKS-L system is also a means of delivering telecontrol and telealarm commands to a locomotive, indications of automatic blocking signal points, indications of station, barrage and other traffic lights, as well as information about established train routes at the station, formed by guards and floor devices of railway automation and telemechanics. PPOs do not require external power, being activated by the energy of a locomotive antenna.
To ensure continuous coding throughout the railway tracks, a universal digital radio channel ( UCRC ) was used in the ALSR system. At present, the UCRM of the ALSR system is based on the methods of wireless broadband data transmission (broadband access). The basis of the UCRC is a reference radio network built of a number of base stations located along the tracks in the land allotment band of the railway. To the core network through wired (including fiber-optic) channels connects the watch and outdoor equipment ZHAT. The UCRC backbone network transmits critical information about the train situation, signal readings, and established station routes to on-board locomotive equipment. The method of pairing ALSR with stationary SJAT systems (self-locking, including centralized type; station EC , ROC and MPC) depends on the element base and structure of the latter. A number of devices for interfacing with relay, relay-processor and microprocessor systems have been developed.
The basis of the ALSR on-board equipment is a multiprocessor computing complex (on-board locomotive computer, BLK), which includes the TKS-L and UCRK terminal modules. BLK is equipped with a set of interfaces for connecting to sensors and locomotive safety devices KLUB-U, SAUT-TsM, EKS. Functional safety requirements in the ALSR system are fulfilled by using redundant computing structures and algorithms for the secure transmission of critical information.
The infrastructure of the ALSR system allows, along with the main task of automatic locomotive signaling, to solve a number of related problems. In particular, the organization of access to the core network of the URCM of the hardware and software complexes of the dispatching apparatus (AWS DS, DSC) allows, with minimal material and technical costs, the function of a forced stop of a train to be realized automatically or at the command of a dispatcher, including when a locomotive brigade switches off safety devices. UCRC can also be used to transmit critical telemetry information of on-board equipment to means for monitoring the technical condition of locomotives along the entire route. The same function will provide control of locomotive safety devices from the control unit.
A promising area is the integration of onboard and stationary equipment ALSR in the composition of existing compressors. Thus, the use of UCRM at stations will make it possible to transmit routing information in the SAUT-TsM system on all station tracks , regardless of the availability of track equipment . The equipment of the point communication channel can reserve loop systems of the SAUT .
The implementation of the ALSR system will create the technical basis for the transition to the next generation of self-locking systems based on the coordinate principles of interval regulation of train movement. The transition to train traffic control systems using a radio channel will significantly reduce the number of equipment on the hauls and increase throughput by reducing the intervals for passing along and increasing the carrying capacity of trains as a result of the rejection of insulating joints and throttle transformers that limit traction currents.