"Count feud" [1] , Count war [2] ( Dat. Grevens Fejde ) - internecine war for the throne of Denmark in 1534 - 1536 , which intertwined with the popular movement that swept Denmark in the 1530s and was complicated by the intervention of Lübeck .
History
After the death of the Danish king Frederick I in 1533, power in the country was seized by a noble oligarchy led by the heir to the throne, the Schleswig-Holstein Duke Christian. At the same time, an uprising of peasants and cities unfolded under the slogans of the Reformation . In the Count Count, townspeople and peasants advocated the return of the deposed in 1523 as a result of the aristocratic conspiracy of King Christian II . Among the speakers on the side of Christian II were nobles - for example, Counts Johann von Goya and Christopher of Oldenburg (hence the name of the movement).
The mayors of Copenhagen and Malmö , who led the urban movement, allied with the mayor of Lübeck, J. Wullenwever , who came to power in Lübeck as a result of the coup. In June 1534, the troops of Christopher of Oldenburg , acting as governor of Christian II, recruited with money from Lübeck and arrived on Lübeck ships, landed in Denmark and, supported by the townspeople and peasants, occupied Zeeland and Skane .
In the meantime, the Danish nobility and clergy elected King Duke Christian, under the name Christian III . In January 1535, the Swedish king Gustav Waza , an ally of Christian III and an adversary of Lübeck ( Sweden then fought against the Hansa ), defeated the supporters of Christian II at Helsingborg , in June 1535, the Danish royal troops under the command of I. Rantzau defeated Exneberg ( island of Funen ), during the war, the Lubeck fleet also suffered a number of defeats.
In Lübeck, meanwhile, the Wollenwever regime fell. The inhabitants of the besieged royal troops of Copenhagen and Malmö resisted until 1536. Suppressing the uprising, Christian III carried out the Reformation in Denmark in 1536.
Literature
- G. Forsten “The struggle for supremacy on the Baltic Sea in the 15th-16th centuries”, St. Petersburg 1884
- Aktstykker til Nordens Historie i grevefeidens, Udgivne ... Odense 1852
- Paludan-Müller Grevens Feide, tid. 1-2, Kobenhavn 1853-54
- Waitz L. “Lübeck unter Jürgen Wullenwever und die europäische Politik”, Bd. 1-3, Berlin 1855-56.
Notes
- ↑ Count confrontation // Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vol.] / Ch. ed. Yu.S. Osipov . - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.
- ↑ Denmark // Thunderstorm - Demos. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1952. - P. 345. - ( Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 51 vols.] / Ch. Ed. B. A. Vvedensky ; 1949-1958, vol. 13).