Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Polovtsov ( Polovtsev ; May 31, 1832 - September 24, 1909) - statesman and public figure of the Russian Empire, senator , industrialist, patron . In the reign of Alexander III - Secretary of State. The author of a comprehensive diary covering the events of public and state life.
| Alexander Alexandrovich Polovtsov | |||||||||
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| Birth | Rapti , Luga County , St. Petersburg Province | ||||||||
| Death | Rapti , Luga County , St. Petersburg Province | ||||||||
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At the expense of Polovtsov’s personal funds, the Russian Biographical Dictionary was published from 1896.
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Honors
- 2.1 Awards
- 3 Family
- 4 Houses and estates
- 5 Bibliography
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
- 8 References
Biography
From the Russian noble family of the Polovtsovs , known from the middle of the XVII century: father - real state councilor Alexander Andreevich Polovtsov ; mother - Agrafena Fedorovna, nee Tatishcheva . Cousin of the historian S. S. Tatishchev . He graduated from the Ridiger boarding house and the Imperial College of Law in St. Petersburg.
Since 1851, he was appointed to serve in the 1st Department of the Senate with the rank of titular adviser (he served as secretary in the office of the General Meeting of the 1st, 3rd and Heraldry Departments). Since 1863 he was at the chief prosecutor’s table in the 2nd department of the Senate, and in 1867 he was appointed chief prosecutor of the 1st department. Since 1865 - a valid state adviser . He was a member of the Commission under the Ministry of Finance on the revision of the system of taxes and fees (1865).
By his birth, Polovtsov did not belong to the highest aristocracy and, according to S. Yu. Witte , “he was facing the life of a small, poor official” [1] . Then he began to persistently look after the adopted daughter of Baron Stieglitz , who was perhaps the richest banker at that time, who had no native children. After the death of Stieglitz, his adopted daughter, who had by then become Polovtsov’s wife, inherited a colossal fortune. Alexander Alexandrovich suddenly riveted the attention of all Petersburg.
How great this condition was, can be judged from the following: in addition to various real estate, Stiglitz left behind an inheritance of 50 million rubles in various government securities. But Polovtsev managed to make it so that when he died, his heirs were left with the most limited state, that is, a state of several million rubles, say, 3-4 million. All the time he was engaged in various scams: he sold, bought, speculated and speculated to the extent that almost all of his wife’s state was speculated.
- Count S. Yu. Witte [1]
Since 1873 - Privy Councilor . In 1873 he was appointed senator; was present in the 4th, and then in the 1st department of the Senate. In 1880, he conducted an audit in the Kiev and Chernihiv provinces , revealed a number of abuses of the local administration.
In January 1883 he was awarded the Secretary of State to Alexander III , appointed Secretary of State and member of the Finance Committee. In 1885 he was promoted to acting under secret adviser . He was involved in various meetings and commissions.
In June 1892, he left the post of Secretary of State and was appointed a member of the Council of State . From 1901 to 1905 he served in the Department of Laws; since 1905 he was one of the members of the State Council present; participated in meetings on the development of the establishment of the State Duma and the reorganization of the State Council in the Upper House (1905-1906).
Along with the civil service, Alexander Alexandrovich was widely engaged in industrial and financial activities. In 1883, he acquired the Theological Mountain District in the name of his wife in the Verkhotursky district of Perm province . There, in 1894, the largest metallurgical plant in the Urals was built, named by Nadezhdinsky in honor of his wife. This plant served as the foundation of the city of Nadezhdinsk - currently the city of Serov, Sverdlovsk region. In 1895, the Theological Joint-Stock Company was established. In addition, the Polovtsovs were the largest shareholders of the Neva Paper Spinning Mill, the Neva Thread Manufactory in St. Petersburg and the Krengolmsky Paper Mill in Narva . They owned a number of distilleries and flour mills in the Tambov and Voronezh provinces.
Large funds were spent by Polovtsov on charitable and educational purposes, including the maintenance of the Central College of Technical Drawing named after A. L. Stieglitz . It was he who, executing the will, completed the arrangement of the School of Technical Drawing and built the museum building at the School. Thinking about the future of Russia and, probably, comprehending the life of Alexander Stieglitz, Polovtsev once wrote in his diary:
| Russia will be happy when merchants donate money for study and study purposes without the hope of receiving a medal on their neck. |
He died on September 24, 1909 in his own estate Rapti of the Luga district of St. Petersburg province. He was buried in the family crypt of the Trinity (Stieglitz) church, located in Ivangorod , next to his wife and the couple Stieglitz.
Honors
- For many years of activity he was awarded the highest Russian orders to St. Vladimir I degree (1896) inclusive.
- Founding member of the Imperial Russian Historical Society , in 1866-1879 - his secretary, and from 1879 until the end of his life - chairman.
- Honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Arts since 1869.
- In December 1884 he was elected an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences [2] .
- In May 1891 he was elected a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences.
- In the village of them. Dzerzhinsky (formerly Rapti) installed a memorial plaque.
Rewards
- Order of St. Stanislav 2 degrees (1862)
- Order of St. Vladimir 3 degrees (1867)
- Order of St. Stanislav 1 degree (1869)
- Order of St. Anne of 1 degree (1872)
- Order of St. Vladimir 2 degrees (1878)
- Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1887)
- Diamond signs to the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky (1891)
- Order of St. Vladimir 1 degree (1896)
- Belgian Order of Leopold 2 degrees with a star (1870)
Family
In 1861, he married Nadezhda Mikhailovna Iuneva [3] (1843-1908), the illegitimate daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich and graduate of Baron A. L. Stieglitz . After the death of Baron A. L. Stieglitz in 1884, N. M. Polovtsova inherited a significant part of his huge fortune. Children:
- Anna (1862-1917), wife of Prince Alexander Dmitrievich Obolensky ;
- Nadezhda (1865-1920), wife of Count Alexei Alexandrovich Bobrinsky ;
- Alexander (1867-1944), diplomat, orientalist, consul general in Bombay, during the February Revolution - and. about. Comrade Foreign Minister.
- Peter (1874-1964), lieutenant general, orientalist; He was married to Elena Vladimirovna Okhotnikova (1888-1975).
Houses and estates
- House number 52 on Bolshaya Morskaya street [4] .
- Cottage on the Stone Island .
- The Rapti estate in the Luga district of St. Petersburg province
Bibliography
- Russian Biographical Dictionary : In 25 volumes / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov. 1896-1918. Volumes published under the supervision of Polovtsov (before his death) - 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22.
- A.A. Polovtsov. Secretary of State’s diary: in 2 volumes. - M .: Tsentrpoligraf , 2005. - ISBN 5-9524-1990-9 , ISBN 5-9524-1989-5 .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Lib.ru/ Classics: Witte Sergey Yulievich. Memories
- ↑ Profile of Alexander Alexandrovich Polovtsev on the official website of the RAS
- ↑ Sometimes a surname is indicated as Yuneva.
- ↑ Mansion of A.A. Polovtsov
Literature
- Polovtsov, Alexander Alexandrovich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Almanac of modern Russian statesmen . - SPb. : Type of. Isidore Goldberg, 1897. - S. 82-83.
- Polovtsov Alexander Alexandrovich // State Council of Russia 1801-2001. Biographies.
Links
- Dignitary, philanthropist and collector Alexander Alexandrovich Polovtsov // Our Heritage. - No. 77. - 2006.
- Chinese art in the Polovtsov collections