Gums

Human oral cavity

1. Upper lip ( lat. Labium superius )

2. Desna ( lat. Gingiva )

3. Hard palate ( lat. Palatum durum )

4. Soft palate ( lat. Palatum molle )

5. Tongue ( lat. Uvula palatina )

6. Palatine tonsil ( lat. Tonsilla palatina )

7. Isthmus pharynx ( lat. Isthmus faucium )

8. Large molars ( lat. Dentates molares )

9. Small molars ( lat. Dentates premolares )

10. Fang (s) ( lat.Dentes canini )

11. Incisors ( lat. Dentes incisivi )

12. Language ( lat. Lingua )

Gums ( lat. Gingiva ) is the mucous membrane covering the alveolar process of the upper jaw and the alveolar part of the lower jaw and covering the teeth in the neck. From the clinical and physiological points of view, the gum distinguishes between the interdental (gingival) papilla, the marginal gum or gingival margin (free part), the alveolar gum (attached part), and the movable gum.

Histologically, the gum consists of a stratified squamous epithelium and its own lamina. There are oral epithelium, connective epithelium, groove epithelium.

The epithelium of the interdental papillae and attached gums is thicker and can keratinize. In this layer, the basal, spiky, granular and horny layers are distinguished. The basal consists of cylindrical cells, spiky - of cells of a polygonal shape, granular - of flattened cells, and the horny layer is represented by several rows of completely keratinized and devoid of nuclei cells that are constantly desquamated.