Salvarsan (also known as “preparation 606” and arsphenamine ) is a medicine for syphilis , created by chemist Paul Erlich ; the number 606 is the number in the list of arsenic - containing compounds of a given type, synthesized and tested by Erlich as an antisyphilitic agent.
| Arsphenamine | |
|---|---|
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| Are common | |
| Systematic name | 3,3′-Diamino-4,4′-dihydroxy arsenobenzol |
| Traditional names | Salvarsan |
| Chem. formula | C 12 H 14 N 2 Cl 2 As 2 |
| Classification | |
| Reg. CAS number | |
| Pubchem | |
| Reg. EINECS number | |
| SMILES | |
| Inchi | |
| CHEBI | |
| Chemspider | |
The synthesis of this compound was the first outstanding achievement of chemotherapy and marked the beginning of a new era in the treatment of infectious diseases with the help of drugs [1] .
So far, salvarsan has been out of use and replaced by other, much more effective and safe means.
Content
Creation History
Starting in 1906, the fight against syphilis , Ehrlich, working together with , tried 605 different organic compounds of arsenic, until in 1907 received “Ehrlichschen Präparat 606”, 606th the drug [2] , active against pale treponema ( lat. Treponema pallidum ) - the causative agent of syphilis. It was a breakthrough, it became possible to return "sentenced", previously incurable patients to life. The drug was named salvarsan - "saving arsenic." Erlich and his apprentice Sahatiro Hata tested him in 1909 , and from 1910 he went on sale.
Later, Erlich synthesized a safer neosalvarsan (“preparation 914”) - together with salvarsan, these were the first chemotherapy drugs of directional action, obtained by man .
Original application recommendations
Chemical and physical properties. Salvarsan is a light yellow powder containing about 34% arsenic and soluble in water. These aqueous solutions, due to their acidic reaction, are unsuitable for injections and must be neutralized before use, according to the attached instructions.
Indications. Salvarsan is applicable for the treatment of primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis, as well as for preventive treatment.
Contraindications. In case of serious disorders of the circulatory organs, in case of pronounced degeneration of the central nervous system, as well as in cachexia, this remedy is contraindicated, as well as for patients with obvious idiosyncrasy to arsenic.
Dosage. According to Michaelis, an average of 1 centigram (0.01) of salvarsan is prescribed per kilogram of body weight.
Mode of application. Salvarsan can be injected subcutaneously, into muscles or into veins. Injected liquid after subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is distributed using a gentle massage and a compress is applied to the appropriate place. It is useful that patients after injection remain 2-3 days in bed under the supervision of reliable medical personnel.
Warning. Salvarsan is released in ampoules evacuated and filled with indifferent gas in order to protect it from oxidation. It should be strongly advised against the use of solutions prepared not immediately before use. The contents of ampoules damaged during transportation should not be used, as well as residues from previously opened ampoules. [3]
Notes
- ↑ Albert, 1989 , p. 241.
- ↑ Salvarsan // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- ↑ Practical physician. —1910. —No 49. — p. 827–829.
Literature
- Albert A. Selective toxicity = Selective toxicity / Ed. prof. V.A. Filova. - M .: Medicine, 1989. - T. 1. - p. 240-243. - 432 s. - ISBN 412-26010-7.
- Steven Riethmiller Ehrlich, Bertheim, and atoxyl: The origins of modern chemotherapy Bull. Hist. Chem. 23 (1999)
Links
- N.P. Arzhanov. "606" against syphilis: the story of how the drug Ehrlich conquered Russia . The date of circulation is January 30, 2011. Archived March 20, 2012.