Fedoseevtsy

The Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in the Transfiguration Cemetery .

Fedoseevtsy ( Feodosievtsy , Old Pomeranian Fedoseyevsky consent) - Besopovskoe direction in the Russian Old Believers . The features of consent are:

celibacy (although in practice the majority of Fedoseevts are married);
the conviction of the coming of the kingdom of antichrist;
the conviction of the perfect depravity of the Russian state;
denial of prayer for the king ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] .

Content

History

Another name for the Fedoseyev trend is starod priests. ^[four]

The direction arose at the end of the XVII - beginning of the XVIII centuries in the north-west of the European part of Russia , among the Old Believers - the peasants and the townspeople . The founder of the first Fedoseev community was the former deacon of the village of Krestetsky Yam , near Novgorod , Theodosius Vasiliev ( 1661 - 1711 ) of the Urusov boyars. Fedoseev agreement was formed in the early 90s of the XVII century. The Novgorod Councils formulated a doctrine on the existence of the Church during the reign of the spiritual antichrist. Subsequently, the Pomeranians adopted the teachings of the Fedoseyev people. During the 18th century, the relations of Pomorians and Fedoseyevts who were close in faith had a variable character, from breaking relations (for example, in 1706 and 1752) to the next reconciliation (in 1708, 1727), the final separation occurs at the beginning of the 19th century, after the conciliar approval of the Pomorians marriage ranks.

Since its very isolation, the Fedoseyev people have been distinguished by their irreconcilability towards the state and strict asceticism. They denied praying for the king in the name, as well as the dubious “wordless marriage”, because they believed that the kingdom of anti-christ and the continuation of the human race were criminal: “... 5th, the legitimate marriage, because of our sin in such times attained in the same Orthodox priesthood in the end of piety lost. Therefore, there is no one to oblige the marriage union, except for the anti-christ priests, and unmarried marriages have a ban from Tsar Alexei Comnin. Yes, and the Apostle says that the possessing wives of the poor will be ” ^[5] .

From the second half of the 18th century, the Fedoseyev people gradually became the most numerous and influential direction in unpopularity, expressing first of all the moods and interests of people from the village who were involved in new capitalist relations. Since 1771, the Preobrazhensky Old Believer community in Moscow has become their center, whose founder and first mentor was I. A. Kovylin ( 1731 - 1809 ), a rich merchant and industrialist, originally from the peasants. The leaders of the community redeemed the peasants who accepted the Fedoseyev teachings, and the community also often took in and sheltered runaway serfs, especially women. Most of the members of the community worked in cotton factories in Lefortovo and lived there.

In the first half of the 19th century, Fedoseyev’s leadership was held by large entrepreneurs and industrialists — EF Guchkov , Zimin and others. The creed gradually loses its radical religious orientation. Social differentiation gradually led to the separation of independent organizations - the Riga and Polish Fedoseyevts (“newlyweds”), who recognized the marriage entered into by the commoner - and were part of the “agreement” of the Aristovites and Kondratians who demanded respect for the harsh ascetic norms. Part of the Fedoseyev people, who suffered from celibacy, as well as the New York Fedoseevtsy in the second half of the 19th century, turn into the Pomor communities of marriage consent , and some into single faith .

In the second half of the 19th century, the Fedoseyevts stopped playing a leading role in unrestingness and gradually turned into a rather closed religious organization. Some revival of the Fedoseyivs church life occurs after the introduction of freedoms in 1905 , but it was interrupted by the October Revolution of 1917.

By 1941, the village of Lampovo remained one of the centers of the Old Believers of northwestern Russia, whose Fedosey people showed themselves to be the most active collaborators ^[6] .

Modernity

Currently, Fedoseevts live in Russia (mainly in its central regions). Fedoseev's missionary activity does not lead, but they welcome the descendants of the Fedoseyev clans back to the bosom of the Church. Large registered communities exist in Moscow ( Preobrazhenskoye cemetery ) and Kazan , the number of parishioners is several hundred people. Some more communities exist in the places of traditional residence of Old Pomeranians, for example, in the Tonkin district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. There are much more unregistered communities, that is, self-organized religious groups, but probably no more than 50. ^[7]

Internal differences in the beginning. XX century led to the division of a single Fedoseevsky consent into several areas, among them the most famous:

Moscow Fedoseevtsy - with the center at the Preobrazhensky cemetery , the most liberal current, taking the "newly married" to confession and allowing them to participate in the service (read and sing), while not performing the sign of the cross. Publish their magazine calendar edition of 300-500 copies. In 2014, a centralized Old Pomeranian Orthodox Church of Fedoseevsky Consent (DSCTS) was created.

Kazan Fedoseyevtsy - with the center in Kazan. A more conservative current, “novogen” is not accepted for confession, only unmarried people have the right to read and sing in the temple. Publish a calendar calendar with a circulation of 100-200 copies.

Filimonovtsy - Fedoseevsky groups living in the Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov region.

Noncommunities are small groups (a group in Moscow is known), they do not recognize state registration, they separated themselves after the decree on religious tolerance of 1905.

Small groups in the village of Rymshi (Latvia) and the village of Gusarovka (Belarus), which are in conservative positions and completely separated from the rest of Fedoseyevtsy.

In Russia (in Moscow) there is also a registered association Centralized Religious Organization “Russian Council of the Old Orthodox Catholic Church of Fedoseevsky Old Pomeranian Consent” (RS DCC) - having more than a dozen registered communities, but all of them were created by fictitious commercial structures and a direct relationship to real Fedoseevites Dont Have .

Notes

↑ Fedoseevshchina // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
↑ Yukhimenko E. M., Maltsev A. I., Ageeva E. A. Bespopovtsy // Orthodox encyclopedia . - M .: Church-Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2002. - T. IV. - p. 719. - 752 p. - 39 000 copies - ISBN 5-89572-009-9 .
↑ FEDOSEEV AGREEMENT - Tree . The appeal date is September 14, 2018.
↑ Staropomori-Fedoseevts / Home (Neopr.) . www.staropomor.ru. The appeal date is September 14, 2018.
↑ From the “ Verdict or Code of the Novgorod Cathedral of 1694 ”. See. Book Smirnov P.S. Internal issues in the split in the XVII century. - SPb., 1898
“Three years without Stalin. Occupation: Soviet citizens between the Nazis and the Bolsheviks ”, historian Igor Gennadievich Yermolov : “ Already during this period, during the summer - autumn of 1941, episodes were recorded when religious collaborationism was transformed into a military one. In particular, in October 1941, a Russian armed detachment was created in the rear of the 18th German Army during the Abwehr of the Old Believers. By the end of 1941, it grew into a company of 200 people, which participated in the battle of Tikhvin, was stationed in the village of Lampovo - one of the north-western centers of the Old Believers Fedoseyev. According to the Abwehr, the Old Believers have become particularly valuable material for front-line intelligence, unlike the priests of the Russian Orthodox Church and Protestants. According to A.V. Posadsky, it was the Old Believers who rendered the invaders a great help in the struggle against the partisan movement. In particular, they precisely informed the Abwehr about the deployment of partisan detachments, their movements, while at the same time there were no Soviet agents among the Old Believers. A Soviet major of state security, captured in German, during interrogation showed that during 1941—1942. Many Soviet agents deployed over the front line either died at the hands of the Old Believers, or were extradited by them to the enemy, which is explained by the large number of Old Believers in the north-western part of Russia and their hostility to Soviet power . ”
↑ In the center of Moscow, 300 years have been waiting for the arrival of the Antichrist

Literature

Bykovsky IK Preobrazhensky parish of Old Believers-Theodosievists of Old Pomeranian piety in Moscow. - M .: 1907.
Milovidov V.F. Old Believers in the Past and Present. - M .: 1969.
Podmazov A. Modern Old Believers in Latvia. - Riga: 1969.
Popov N. I. From the history of the Transfiguration of the cemetery. - M .: 1862.
N.I. Popov. Materials for the history of Besopov-based accords in Moscow, Theodosievists of the Preobrazhensky cemetery and the Pomeranian Moninsky consent. - M .: 1870.
Popov N. I. A collection for the history of Old Believers. T. 1 - M .: 1864.
Transfiguration cemetery and its past . - M .: Tov. printing house A. I. Mamontov, 1901. - 64 p.
Fedoseevshchina // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

Links

The official site of the Russian Council of the Ancient Orthodox Catholic Church of Christians Fedoseyevsky Old Pomeranian Consent (DCC RS)
Chapter: 39. Isolation of bespopovschiny: Fedoseevtsy. from the book Zenkovsky S. Russian Old Believers. The spiritual movements of the seventeenth century.
History of Fedoseyevts and Preobrazhensky Old Believers Community
The history of Fedoseyevtsy Vyatka region (the second half of the XVIII - early XX centuries)

[1] Fedoseevshchina // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

[2] Yukhimenko E. M., Maltsev A. I., Ageeva E. A. Bespopovtsy // Orthodox encyclopedia . - M .: Church-Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2002. - T. IV. - p. 719. - 752 p. - 39 000 copies - ISBN 5-89572-009-9 .

[3] FEDOSEEV AGREEMENT - Tree . The appeal date is September 14, 2018.

[4] Staropomori-Fedoseevts / Home (Neopr.) . www.staropomor.ru. The appeal date is September 14, 2018.

[a1-5] From the “ Verdict or Code of the Novgorod Cathedral of 1694 ”. See. Book Smirnov P.S. Internal issues in the split in the XVII century. - SPb., 1898

[6] “Three years without Stalin. Occupation: Soviet citizens between the Nazis and the Bolsheviks ”, historian Igor Gennadievich Yermolov : “ Already during this period, during the summer - autumn of 1941, episodes were recorded when religious collaborationism was transformed into a military one. In particular, in October 1941, a Russian armed detachment was created in the rear of the 18th German Army during the Abwehr of the Old Believers. By the end of 1941, it grew into a company of 200 people, which participated in the battle of Tikhvin, was stationed in the village of Lampovo - one of the north-western centers of the Old Believers Fedoseyev. According to the Abwehr, the Old Believers have become particularly valuable material for front-line intelligence, unlike the priests of the Russian Orthodox Church and Protestants. According to A.V. Posadsky, it was the Old Believers who rendered the invaders a great help in the struggle against the partisan movement. In particular, they precisely informed the Abwehr about the deployment of partisan detachments, their movements, while at the same time there were no Soviet agents among the Old Believers. A Soviet major of state security, captured in German, during interrogation showed that during 1941—1942. Many Soviet agents deployed over the front line either died at the hands of the Old Believers, or were extradited by them to the enemy, which is explained by the large number of Old Believers in the north-western part of Russia and their hostility to Soviet power . ”

[7] In the center of Moscow, 300 years have been waiting for the arrival of the Antichrist