Xanthus (or Xanth , Lycian : Arñna , Greek -νθος , lat. Xanthus ) is the largest city of ancient Lycia . Together with the sanctuary, Letoon is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List . The ruins of the city are located in the Turkish province of Antalya .
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| The ancient city of Xanthos and the temple of Letoon [* 1] | |
|---|---|
| Xanthos-Letoon [* 2] | |
 Xanf: amphitheater, harpy monument and sarcophagus | |
| A country | Turkey |
| Type of | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iii |
| Link | 484 |
| Region [* 3] | Europe and North America |
| Turning on | 1988 (12th session) |
Initially, the name of the city in Lycian sounded like Arna . After the conquests of Alexander of Macedon, as a result of Hellenization , the name was transformed into Xanthus.
Content
History
It was founded at the beginning of the 1st millennium BC.
In 546 BC e. was captured by the Persians and completely destroyed.
At the end of the IV century BC, it was part of the empire of Alexander the Great , and from 190 BC. e. - into an independent union of the cities of Lycia (Lycian Union).
Around 180 BC, the tyrants Lisany and Evdem are known.
In 42 BC, he was subjugated and again destroyed by the troops of the Roman commander Mark Junius Brutus [1] .
Later became part of the Roman province of Lycia.
Cultural Heritage
To date, only a small part of the ancient city has been preserved, discovered during excavations , including the theater. The most significant monuments of Lycian culture that have come down to us are characteristic tombstones. They exist in two types:
- imaginary facades of houses carved in the rocks, decorated with carved elements
- high tombs standing on an elevation, built in the form of houses or surrounded by colonnades .
The most famous structures of this kind are the “ Harpy Monument” of the VI century BC. e. , so named for the relief preserved on it, as well as the “Nereid monument” of the 5th century BC. e. It is no less richly decorated with wall plastics and made in the form of an ionic temple standing on a high sole. Both of these tombs are classified as outstanding works of the Asia Minor Ionian culture.
Here was also found the largest monument of the Lycian writing - the Lycian-Milean stele (c. 380 BC ).
Gallery
Mosaic on the floor
Lycian stone carved tomb
Roman amphitheater
Street leading from north to south
Byzantine Basilica
Lycian-Mile stele
Theatrical performance before the reconstruction of the Nereid monument in the British Museum
Notes
- ↑ Schukarev A.N. Xanf, city // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Literature
- Cambridge History of the Ancient World . - T. IV: Persia, Greece, and the western Mediterranean. - M. , 2011 .-- S. 267—271.
- Appian of Alexandria . Civil wars. - Prince IV, 76.
- Treuber O. Geschichte der Lykier. - 1887.
- Houvink ter Cate Ph. HJ Nhe Luwian population groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera during the Hellenistic period. - Leiden, 1961.