Stamps of Ukraine during the Civil War

During the occupation of Western Ukraine by Poland on May 12, 1919, the establishment of the General Commissar of the Eastern Lands Civil Administration was established. The administration of the Volyn land later emerged from this institution. Here was organized the post office, which was not recognized by the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs of Poland. Due to the shortage of postage stamps, the Commissioner General allowed civilians to use the Civil Administration savings banks as signs of postage.

On July 18, 1919, just before the offices were subordinated to the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs of Poland, the Polish Civil Administration issued an order to overprint the remaining stocks of the stamps of the UNR and the Ukrainian state about their affiliation to Poland. Hand- stamped with red and violet paint produced an overprint in two lines of words in Polish. “Poczta Polska” ( “Polish Post” ) and a new value of 30 and 50 fenigs .

The stamps went on sale in Lutsk , Vladimir-Volynsky , Dubno , Kovel , Kremenets and Rovno . However, the issue was made without the permission of the Central Postal Administration of Poland and in the period from August 15 to September 1, 1919, was confiscated by a representative of the Ministry of Posts and Telegraphs. The confiscated stamps were sent to the Ministry and destroyed.

This release is known among philatelists under the name “Kovel release” , although it was produced in Lutsk, where the Volyn land department was located.

In 1921, in the philatelic markets of the world, with a rather large circulation, the so-called “stamps of the Polish occupation of Volyn” appeared - a series of postage stamps of the UPR of 1918 with a lithographic imprint of the Polish eagle and a new value of 2, 5 and 10 pennies . The stamps were allegedly intended for the occupying 1st Polish Corps in Ukraine. This fantastic-speculative issue hit all the directories and only after some time from some directories it disappeared completely, and in some, for example, in the Scott catalog , it was defined as falsified ^{[1] [2]} .

In the fall of 1915, the Lyuboml volost fell under the authority of the German and Austro-Hungarian occupation forces. The district was divided into two zones: German troops stood in the north of the village of Zgorani, and the Austro-Hungarian administration was established in the southern part and Luboml . The occupying Austrian troops in the city opened the 259th landmark ( field ) post office . The Magistrate has agreed to serve more than 120 gminas - an area that includes 900 settlements.

In September 1918 ^[3] , according to the resolution of the city Rada Luboml and the head of the 259th Austrian stage mail, Lieutenant Colonel A. Sternat, a series of postage stamps for the civilian population of the Luboml district was ordered from the Prague printing plant of the Union company. Brand values are 5, 10, 20, 25 and 50 without specifying a currency . Drawings of stamps were made from photographs . They were executed by a student of the Prague Art School Capri (Kaper). In total, five brands of different colors were produced, depicting the most interesting architectural structures of the city: a synagogue built in 1510; The market square and the ensemble of stores built by hetman Branitsky , the Catholic Church of the Holy Trinity , built in 1412 (twice; on the stamp with a nominal value of 25 in the foreground is the bell tower built in 1640) and the wooden Orthodox Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary , built in 1884. The stamps contained the inscriptions “ City Post of Luboml” in four languages: German ( “Stadtpost Luboml” ), Ukrainian ( “Mijska Post Lubovnі” ), Polish ( “Poczta miejska w Lubomlu” ) and Hebrew . Due to political instability in this region, these stamps did not have any postal circulation.

Lyuboml is the only Ukrainian city that has issued stamps with local species. Until 1991 ^[4] they were not mentioned in Soviet philatelic catalogs . The Michael Catalog took this issue to Poland ^{[1] [5]} .

After the final defeat under Kakhovka in Tavria in November 1920, the army of General P. Wrangel made an overprint “Russian Post” with nominal values ​​of 10,000 and 20,000 rubles on Ukrainian provisions and used them in internment camps in Turkey until May 30, 1921 ^[6] .

In 1919, the Revolutionary Rebel Army of Ukraine (RPAU) under the leadership of Nestor Ivanovich Makhno released her own brand-money . They depict Makhno and the hammer and sickle ^[7] .

It is known that in those days there was a comic ditty in Ukrainian :

Gay, cool, don't blink!

In Makhna groshi bred

But hto ib not bratime

Togo Makhno dramatica ... ^{[8] [9]}

• The history of mail and postage stamps of the West Ukrainian People's Republic
• History of mail and postage stamps of the Ukrainian People's Republic
• History of mail and postage stamps of Ukraine
• Stamps of Russia during the Civil War
• Stamps of the South of Russia during the Civil War

• Dobryansky E., Stefanovsky E. Kharkov Food stores "RUB" // Soviet collector . - 1980. - № 18. (Checked March 20, 2009)
• Catalog of postage stamps and whole things. Issue Iv. Ukraine / Ed. F. G. Chuchina . - M .: Soviet philatelic association at the Commission of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Fund for them. V. I. Lenin to help street children, 1927. - 110 p.
• Directory-directory of domestic signs of postage : Sat. in 3 t. - M. , 1992. - T. 3. - (App. to the journal. " Philately of the USSR " and " Philately ").
• Myaskovsky, I.F. Pages of the Postal History of the Civil War: A Handbook / Comp. and ed. B. A. Krasnov. - Moscow : ITC “Marka” , 2009. - 79 p. - (Appendix. To the journal. "Philately", № 7, 2009). (Checked May 5, 2011)
• Yudkin V. How “White Guard” stamps rescued Soviet mail // Philately. - 2005. - № 2. - pp. 38—39.
• Dmtrієnko M. Groshі Nestor Makhna // Specific historical disciplines: nutrition. - K .: Institute of the History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2006. - № 13. (ukr.) (Tested on July 13, 2016)
• Encyclopedia of Ukraine : 10 tons. / Golovny editor Volodymyr Kubiyovich . - Paris, New York: Young Life, 1954-1989. (in Ukrainian)
• Maksimchuk Yu. Biblіografichesky indicator of the Ukrainian flag, emblem stamps and banknotes: 3 tons. - 1958-1979. (in Ukrainian)
• Ostapyuk O. Marki Volini. Unikalnaya any seria // Minule and current Volinі Polis : the edge of the world. Materia 10-ї naukovo Іstoriko-kraєznavkoho conference_. - Lutsk, 2002a. (in Ukrainian) (checked March 20, 2009)
• Ostapyuk O. Stamps of the Polish okupatsiya of the Volyn in 1919 rotsі // Minule and Volynі Polisssya: the edge of the inter-tishychol. Materia 10-ї naukovo Іstoriko-kraєznavkoho conference_. - Lutsk, 2002b. (in Ukrainian) (checked March 20, 2009)
• Chigrinets A. Poshtov Stamps of Ukraine. - Brussels, 1948. (ukr.)
• Baillie ILG, Roberts C. W. Ukraine 1920 Fieldpost Issue. (eng.)
• Ceresa, Ray J. The Postage Stamps of Russia 1917-1923. Vol. Ii. Ukraine. (Checked March 20, 2009)
• Michel . Briefmarken-Katalog 1954, 1976. (German)
• Michel-Katalog Europa. Bd. 1. Mitteleuropa 2006. - Unterschleißheim: Schwaneberger Verlag GmbH, 2006. - 1151 S. - ISBN 3-87858-691-4 . (him)
• Scott 2007. Standard Postage Stamp Catalog. - New York, NY, USA: Scott, 2006. (English)
• Seichter R. Sonder-Katalog Ukraine (1918-1920). - Soltau: Seichter, 1956. (German) (Catalog of Ukraine, 1918-1920.)
• The Gregory Post Catalog of Ukrainian Postage Stamps 1918-1920. - 1982. (eng.)
• Yvert et Tellier . Catalog Mondial de Cotation sur les Classiques du Monde 1840-1940. - Amiens: Yvert et Tellier, 2005. - 1077 p. - ISBN 978-2-86814-142-2 . (fr.) (checked March 20, 2009)

• Ukraine - Ukrainian stamps in the Stanley Gibbons online catalog (English)
• Ukraine - information about the stamps of Ukraine in the database “The Encyclopaedia of Postal Authorities. Encyclopaedia of Postal History. ” (Unp.) . Archived October 10, 2012. ("Encyclopedia of postal departments. Encyclopedia of the history of mail") (English)
• Turkey (English) . Stamp Atlas . Sandafayre Stamp Auctions. The appeal date is April 13, 2009. Archived March 18, 2012.