Interleukin 1 ( born Interleukin-1, IL-1 ) is a cytokine , a mediator of inflammation and immunity , synthesized by many cells of the body, primarily activated macrophages , keratinocytes stimulated by B-cells and fibroblasts .
| Interleukin 1 alpha | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Designations | |
| Characters | IL1A ; IL1; IL-1A; IL1; IL1-ALPHA; IL1F1 |
| Entrez gene | 3552 |
| Hgnc | 5991 |
| OMIM | 147760 |
| Refseq | NM_000575 |
| UniProt | P01583 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | 2nd hr. , 2q12 -q21 |
| Interleukin 1 beta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Designations | |
| Characters | IL1B ; IL1F2 |
| Entrez gene | 3553 |
| Hgnc | 5992 |
| OMIM | 147720 |
| PDB | 2MIB |
| Refseq | NM_000576 |
| UniProt | P01584 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | 2nd hr. , 2q13-q21 |
Content
History
Interleukin-1 was one of the first open interleukins . It was discovered in 1943-1948 by Menkin and Beeson as a result of studies of cytokines from peritoneal exudate cells isolated from a rabbit and causing a rise in temperature , controlling the activity of leukocytes , increasing the number of bone marrow cells and leading to degeneration of the joints. It was later discovered that there are two similar interleukin 1: alpha and beta .
Interleukin 1 Superfamily
In addition to interleukins 1α and 1β, the interleukin 1 group includes an interleukin 1 receptor antagonist , as well as interleukins -18 and -33 . All of them have a certain similarity of structure. In addition, another 6 factors related to this superfamily were discovered.
Structure
Interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β are synthesized as precursors and transformed into mature proteins after cleavage of the propeptide either by caspase-1 protease or by so-called. interleukin-1 converting enzyme ( ICE ). Both proteins have a molecular weight of ~ 18 kDa. The structure of both interleukins includes 12-14 β-folds forming a barrel-shaped or cylindrical protein.
See also
- Inflammasom
- Interleukin 18
- Interleukin 33
- Interleukin 6
- Interleukin 2
Notes
- Apostolakis S., Vogiatzi K., Krambovitis E., Spandidos DA IL-1 cytokines in cardiovascular disease: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications (Unidentified) // Cardiovascular & hematological agents in medicinal chemistry. - 2008. - April ( vol. 6 , No. 2 ). - pp . 150-158 . - PMID 18473780 .
- Verstrepen L., Bekaert T., Chau TL, Tavernier J., Chariot A., Beyaert R. TLR-4, IL-1R and TNF-R signaling to NF-kappaB: variations on a common theme (English) // Cellular and molecular life sciences: CMLS: journal. - 2008. - October ( vol. 65 , no. 19 ). - P. 2964-2978 . - DOI : 10.1007 / s00018-008-8064-8 . - PMID 18535784 .
Links
- Interleukin 1 - humbio.ru
- The impact of IL-1 on the production of neuroendocrine hormones - a table from the review PMID 9922367 .