Khanenko, Bogdan Ivanovich

Born in the family of college secretary Ivan Ivanovich Khanenko from a well-known noble family and Ekaterina Bogdanovna Nilus, daughter of General Bogdan Bogdanovich Nilus , knight of the Order of St. George IV class ^[1] . Bogdan Khanenko received secondary and higher education in Moscow - first he graduated from the First Gymnasium , then (1871) the Law Faculty of Moscow University with a degree of candidate of law. In 1873, Bogdan Ivanovich Khanenko moved to St. Petersburg, where he began serving in the Department of Justice as a justice of the peace. In 1874 he married Varvara Nikolaevna Tereshchenko ^{[2] [3]} . In his memoirs ^{[4] [5],} he recalled that the district where he served was located near the famous Apraksin Compound , where antiques were sold. It was at this time that Khanenko attributed his first personal acquaintances with Petersburg antiquaries and his first interest in collecting ^[6] . It was in St. Petersburg that the canvases of the Italians Lazzarini, Franceschini, Liberi, Ruppoli, the Dutchman Venix, the Dutchman P. Brueghel the Younger were purchased ^[2] . He himself wrote:

I got pretty close with the landscape painter Shishkin, visited Kramskoy, met Aivazovsky, Rizzoni , Kuindzhi ... I became interested in Russian painting, began to visit art exhibitions, went to artists' workshops and began to look closely at their works ... A new world opened before me, and from those then my vocation was determined - I already irrevocably set about studying ancient painting and convinced myself to collect works.

- Spouses Khanenko. Great unknowns.

In 1876, Khanenko was appointed a member of the Warsaw District Court. The family travels to Poland. At this time, collection collection was continued. Spouses regularly went to auctions in Vienna, Madrid, Rome, Berlin. They bought canvases and antiques, sculptures, products of the art industry, ancient culture, art of the Near and Far East ^[7] . Preference was given to the painters of the Netherlands, Flanders, Holland, as well as Italian masters of the late XIV-XVIII centuries. About 100 valuable, unique paintings, a significant part of the sculptural works and applied art were purchased from the famous family collections of Prince Borghese , Duke S.E. di Verdua , Count L. Paar, L. Borg de Balzan put up for sale in Rome and Florence, M.A. Alberichi and others. The most valuable replenishment of the collection was the paintings of painters of the early Renaissance, F. Cesare, J. Reynolds , F. Zurbaran ^[8] , as well as “Portrait of the Infanta Margarita” by D. Velazquez ^{[9] [10]} , a unique diptych “Adoration of the Magi” ^{[2 ]} . He constantly studied himself and used the advice of the most famous Russian and European art historians, corresponded with Ostroukhov , Vasily Schavinsky, Bode , de Groot ^[6] .

Having retired in 1881, Khanenko settled with his wife in Kiev. The house on Alekseevskaya street (No. 15) ^[11] , which was transferred in 1888 from father Varvara Khanenko, was built by the architect R.F. Meltzer . The interiors of the house, their architectural and artistic style decision was formed during 1889-1895 according to the sketches of M. Vrubel , V. Kotarbinsky and Meltzer was unique. Khanenko in Kiev becomes a famous figure in financial and commercial circles ^[7] . Here he took part in the work of numerous commercial organizations and educational institutions, in particular, was the head (since 1892) of the South Russian Society for the Promotion of Agriculture and Rural Industry ("Agricultural Syndicate"), headed (since 1896) the board of the Society of Beet-Sugar and Refined the factories of the Tereshchenko brothers, the Society for the Promotion of Commercial Education, the Kiev Committee of Trade and Manufactures, was part of the management of several Kiev banks ^[6] ; In the early 1890s, he was a member of the All-Russian Association of Sugar Breeders, the Kiev Exchange Partnership.

His wife, Varvara Nikolovna, was one of the first collectors of ancient Russian icons, along with Ostroukhov , S. P. Ryabushinsky , P. I. Kharitonenko , E. E. Egorov , G. M. Pryanishnikov ^[12] .

In 1891, a two-story extension was made for the rapidly growing art collection (architect A. Krivosheev), as a result of which, the original appearance of the main facade of the mansion underwent changes, and a relief image of the coat of arms of the Khanenko clan appeared between the windows of the second floor ^[2] .

In 1894, a decision was made in Kiev to create a city museum; Having gathered together with representatives of the government, philanthropists Tarnovsky , Tereshchenki , Brodsky , Vasily Simirenko , historians Lazarevsky and Antonovich gave Hanenko the main powers in creating the museum. Having compiled the charter of the museum, he headed the construction committee, personally worked on the museum issues before Nicholas II (after which, the tsar allocated 50,000 rubles from the treasury for the construction of the museum, the rest was collected by Khanenko from patrons of Ukraine), he excavated on his own and at his own expense in Kiev provinces to replenish the future museum exhibits. September 21, 1887, the building of the city museum was solemnly laid, and in 1904 the museum was consecrated. The museum building was designed by architect Vladislav Gorodetsky according to the design of P. Boytsov . On the opening day, the Kiev Art-Industrial and Scientific Museum (now the National Art Museum of Ukraine ) had 3145 exhibits, personal exhibits of the Khanenko spouses in the museum were estimated at 134,000 rubles ^{[7] [13]} .

In 1906-1912, B.I. Khanenko was an elected member of the State Council from industrialists. In 1916-1917 he was a member of the Board of the St. Petersburg Private Commercial Bank ^[14] . Member of the Octobrist Party ^[15] .

In 1913, Khanenko bought from Olga Tereshchenko the house number 13 she inherited, transferred it to the name of Varvara Khanenko, and built a large six-story apartment building instead of a three-story building, the second floor of which (connected to No. 15 with doors later laid down) was intended to expand the collection's exposition. However, the outbreak of World War II and subsequent political events impeded the implementation of this plan ^[16] . The First World War forced Khanenko in 1915 to evacuate the most significant part of the collection to Moscow, to the Historical Museum . Bogdan Ivanovich Khanenko, was seriously ill for a long time, in 1916 his emphysema became aggravated, he made a will, according to which the collection was donated to Kiev; in 1917, another testament was made - before his death, Khanenko bequeathed all his capital to a museum in Kiev. In the same 1917, his wife, Varvara Nikolaevna, returned the collection from Moscow. After the liberation of Kiev, donated on December 15, 1918 by Varvara Khanenko, their collection was transferred to the UAE ( State Museum of Western and Eastern Art ) ^[7] .

Bogdan Ivanovich and Varvara Nikolaevna Khanenko (she died in 1922) were buried near the walls of the Mikhailovsky Church of the Vydubychi Monastery ^[7] .

Among the first scientists of the Khanenko Museum were famous scientists, art historians: Georgy Lukomsky , Nikolai Makarenko (1887-1938), Boris Roerich (1885-1945), Sergey Gilyarov . In Soviet times, the composition of the collection of the Khanenko spouses underwent significant changes: many monuments and the Khanenko archive were irretrievably lost. At the same time, due to the merger of private collections, the museum’s collection increased by more than 13 times - from 1250 works to almost 17000. About 2000 exhibits were exhibited in the museum’s permanent exhibition ^{[2] [17] [18]} .

In 2019, a coin was issued in honor of Bogdan Hanenok.

• Collection of paintings by Italian, Spanish, Flemish, Dutch and other schools. Kiev: type. S.V. Kulzhenko, 1899.
• Antiquities of the Dnieper: Issue. 1-6. Kiev: phototype and type. S.V. Kulzhenko, 1899-1907.
• Russian Antiquities, Crosses and Images: Vol. [1] -2. Kiev: phototype and type. S.V. Kulzhenko, 1899-1900.

• Figures of Russia: 1906 / Ed. A.M. Champagne. - SPb., 1906. - 340 p. sect. pag. : ill .; S. 28.
• Museum of Art named after Bogdan and Varvara Khanenko (neopr.) . Date of treatment October 3, 2011. Archived March 19, 2012.
• Khanenko phenomenon (neopr.) . Date of treatment October 3, 2011.
• Historical background Khanenko (neopr.) . Date of treatment October 3, 2011. Archived March 19, 2012.
• Vyacheslav Prokopenko, Dar Khanenko (neopr.) (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment October 3, 2011. Archived March 24, 2008.