Moscow Telegraph [4] is the first encyclopedic magazine in Russia. Published by Nikolai Polev in the Moscow printing house of August Semyon from 1825 to 1834. He went out every two weeks. The volume of the issue was at least 4-5 printed sheets (more than 120 A4 sheets).
| Moscow telegraph | |
|---|---|
| Moscow Telegraph | |
 Cover of the magazine in 1831. | |
| Specialization | encyclopedic journal |
| Periodicity | |
| Tongue | Russian |
| Chief Editor | N. A. Polevoy |
| A country |  Russian empire |
| Publisher | |
| Edition History | 1825 - 1834 |
| Established | |
Nikolai Polevoy, starting to publish his journal, took into account the experience of European periodicals, the traditions of the national press and modern social needs. The magazine had an encyclopedic coverage and contained sections on science and art, on literature, on fashion, as well as sections “Bibliography and criticism”, “News and mixture”. At first, non-fiction (journalism, science news) prevailed in its content, but over time, the emphasis shifted to fiction .
The open aim of the magazine was to enlighten the "middle classes." Behind the scenes Polevoi was engaged in propaganda of a romantic trend in literature and acquainted the Russian public with the works of his main representatives (for example, V. Hugo ). The authors of the romantic direction, P.A. Vyazemsky , E.A. Baratynsky , A.S. Pushkin , A.A. Bashilov , V.N. Olin , etc., were published in the journal of Polevoy.
Polevoy introduced the previously unknown word “ journalism ” into circulation, having so entitled the Moscow Telegraph section devoted to the review of journal publications. Initially, this word caused ridicule [5] .
Polevoy managed to maintain a high level of the materials presented in it in an edition addressed to the widest circle of readers. The censor of the magazine was Sergey Glinka , who was distinguished by a soft and loyal attitude, even during the “ Cast Iron Charter ”. In the 1830s, the circulation of the magazine grew and reached by the time of its closure unprecedented circulation in Russia (up to 5000 subscribers).
An exponent of the interests and aspirations of the commercial and industrial estate, Polevoy in every possible way advertised the successes of Russian trade and industry, and also pointed out the need for comprehensive strengthening and improving the country's economy. In number 13 for 1829, the publisher suggested castigating the nobility as a satire :
 | selfish philanthropists, liberals in words, but scoundrels in domestic and social life ... stupid arrogance, meanness and ignorance of many noble people, humiliation of the ignoble classes of the people. |  |
To this end, from July 1829, at the Moscow Telegraph, a satirical supplement began to appear - The New Painter of Society and Literature, focused on continuing the traditions of Novikov’s satire. The main and sometimes the only author of the materials of the “New Painter” was Polevoy himself [6] .
The magazine was closed in 1834 at the personal direction of Nicholas I. The pretext was Polevoy’s review of the play by N. V. Puppeteer, "The Hand of the Most High, the Fatherland Saved." Polevoy criticized the play, pointing to its flattering character, while the emperor liked it.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 D. Bernshtein “Moscow Telegraph” // Brief Literary Encyclopedia - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1962. - V. 4. - P. 993–994.
- ↑ 1 2 D. Bernstein “Moscow Telegraph” // Literary Encyclopedia - Communist Academy , Big Russian Encyclopedia , Fiction (publishing house) , 1929. - T. 7.
- ↑ 1 2 A.O.K. Moscow Telegraph // Encyclopedic Dictionary - St. Petersburg. : Brockhaus - Efron , 1896. - T. XIXa. - S. 960.
- ↑ The name comes from the image on the cover of a semaphore optical telegraph .
- ↑ Proskurin O. A. Literary scandals of the Pushkin era. - M .: OGI, 2000.
- ↑ V. G. Berezina. Russian journalism in the first quarter of the 19th century. Ed. LSU, 1965. Page 34-35.
Literature
- Orlov V.N. N. A. Field and Moscow Telegraph // Essays on the History of Russian Journalism and Criticism / editorial board: prof. V.E. Evgeniev-Maksimov et al. - Leningrad: Leningrad State. un-t them. A. A. Zhdanova, Philological Institute, 1950. - T. 1. The 18th century and the first half of the 19th century.
- Sukhomlinov M. I. N. A. Field and his journal "Moscow Telegraph" // Historical Bulletin . - 1886. - T. 23 , No. 3 . - S. 503-528 .
- Sukhomlinov M. I. Research and articles on Russian literature and education. - St. Petersburg: A.S. Suvorin, 1889. - T. 1-2.
- Popkova N.A. Moscow telegraph published by Nikolai Polev: Decree. content [In 3 issues] / Ed. G.V. Makarovskaya. - Saratov: Zones. NB SSU, 1984-1987.
- Moscow Telegraph (1825-1834) // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.