Vasily the Blessed (also Vasily Nagoy ; end of 1462/1469, the village of Elokhovo near Moscow - August 2, 1557 (?), Moscow) - Russian, Moscow holy fool ; saint , canonized in 1588, at the same time his relics were transferred to the Intercession Cathedral on the Moat (popularly - St. Basil’s Cathedral ) [1] . Blessed possessed the gift of foresight ; he is credited with many miracles, both during life and after death [1] .
| St. Basil | |
|---|---|
 Basil the Blessed. Wood carving | |
| Birth | OK. 1469 the village of Elokhovo , near Moscow |
| Death | 2.8.1557 (?) Moscow |
| Is revered | in the Russian Church |
| Glorified | August 2, 1588 at the Local Council |
| In the face | blessed |
| Main shrine | relics in the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin on the Moat in the aisle of St. Basil (under the cover) |
| Day of Remembrance | August 2 (15) |
| Asceticism | foolishness |
Biography
Vasily was born at the end of [1] 1469 in the village of Elokhovo (now - in the city limits of Moscow ). His parents, the peasants Jacob and Anna [1] , sent him to the training of shoemaking. A hardworking and God-fearing young man, - the life narrates, - Vasily was awarded a gift of insight , which was discovered by chance: a man came to the owner of Vasily to order boots and asked to make those that would fit for several years. Vasily smiled at the same time. When asked by the owner what the smile meant, Vasily replied that the person who ordered the boots for several years would die tomorrow, which happened. [2]
At sixteen, Vasily left his master and skill and began the feat of foolishness , without shelter and clothes, exposing himself to great hardships, aggravating the body with chains . The Life of the Blessed describes how he taught the people of moral life by word and example. [2]
Other wonders
- Once the thieves, noting that the saint was dressed in a good coat, presented to him by a certain boyar, conceived to trick her into deceiving him; one of them pretended to be dead, while the others asked Vasily for burial. Vasily just covered the dead with his fur coat, but seeing the deception, he said: “A fox fur coat, cunning, hide the fox’s business, cunning. Wake up from now on dead for guile, for it is written, “Let the guile be required .” When the dashing people took off his fur coat, they saw that their friend was already dead. [2]
- Once Blessed Vasily scattered kalachi at one kalachnik, and he admitted that he mixed chalk and lime into the flour [2] .
- The Power Book says that in the summer of 1547 Vasily came to the Ascension Monastery on Ostrog (now Vozdvizhenka ) and prayed for a long time in front of the church with tears. The next day, the famous Moscow fire began , it was from this monastery. [2]
- While in Moscow, three cups of wine extinguished the fire in Novgorod .
- With a stone, he broke the image of the Mother of God at the Barbarian Gate , which has long been considered miraculous. A crowd of pilgrims flocked to him, flocking from all over Russia for the purpose of healing, and began to beat him with a "mortal battle." The holy fool said: “And you scratch off the paint layer!” Having removed the colorful layer, people saw that under the image of the Mother of God “the devil’s harya” was hiding.
Relations with the King
Tsar Ivan the Terrible honored and was afraid of Blessed, " like a seer of hearts and thoughts of men ." When, shortly before his death, Vasily became seriously ill, the tsar himself visited him with Queen Anastasia . [2]
Basil died on August 2, most likely in 1557 [3] (sometimes 1552 is mentioned [2] ). The king himself with the boyars carried his bed (obsolete. Bed); Metropolitan Macarius buried. The body of the Blessed was buried in the cemetery of the Trinity Church, which is in the Moat , where Tsar John the Terrible indicated (signed a decree ) to build the Intercession Cathedral , in memory of the conquest of Kazan (1552). The cathedral is now known under the name of St. Basil’s Cathedral [2] .
Memory
Soon after death, the first icon-painting images of Vasily appeared [1] .
Cathedral of the saint
The Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, on the Moat , began to be built in 1555 by order of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in memory of the capture of Kazan . In the year of the canonization of the saint (1588), by order of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich , a church ( chapel ) was added to the Intercession Church in honor of St. Basil the Blessed - at the place where he was buried, which is described by a stylized inscription on the wall of this church. Over the relics of the saint, transferred to the church, they built a silver crab [3] .
Since 1588, they began to talk about miracles happening at the tomb of St. Basil; as a result, Patriarch Job decided to celebrate the memory of the miracle worker on the day of his death, August 2 . The memory of St. Basil in Moscow was celebrated with great solemnity: the patriarch himself served and the tsar himself was usually present at the service. [2]
The patriarch of Moscow and All Russia continues the tradition: after 1991, an annual prayer service is held at the church of the saint in the church on August 15 [1] .
See also
- Simon the Blessed
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vasily the Blessed / S. A. Ivanov // The Greater Caucasus - The Great Canal. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2006. - ( Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004-2017, vol. 4). - ISBN 5-85270-333-8 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 St. Basil the Blessed // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ 1 2 Yerusalimsky K. Yu., Preobrazhensky A. S. Basil the Blessed // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2004. - T. VII. - S. 123-131. - 752 s. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89572-010-2 .
Literature
- St. Basil // Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia . Volume 3. Edition of Petrograd. Appendix to the spiritual journal "Wanderer" for 1902
- Vasiliev P.P. Basil the Blessed // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Erusalimsky K. Yu., Preobrazhensky A.S. Basil the Blessed // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2004. - T. VII. - S. 123-131. - 752 s. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89572-010-2 .
- Life of St. Basil // Dictionary of scribes and books of Ancient Russia . Vol. 1 (XI - the first half of the XIV century.) / USSR Academy of Sciences. IRLE; Repl. ed. D. S. Likhachev . - L .: Nauka , 1987 .-- 493 p.
Links
- Cartoon about St. Basil (TV series Mountain of Gems )
- The painting "Moscow Wonderworker Blessed Vasily" artist V. Yu. Grafov. 2006 oil on canvas 170x150