Phillipp Johann (Johan) Tabbert von Stralenberg ( 1676 , Stralsund - 1747 , Yetinge ) - officer of the Swedish army of King Charles XII in the Northern War, in 1703 received the rank of captain. After the battle of Poltava, he was captured [5] , sent to Siberia in Tobolsk , where he spent 13 years as a prisoner. Here he collected rich ethnographic and cartographic material and information about discoveries in Northeast Asia in the first quarter of the 18th century, which he used to create a map of Russia and the Great Tataria in 1730 and the book Historical and Geographical Description of the Northern and Eastern Parts of Europe and Asia ”, published in Stockholm in 1730.
| Philip Johann von Stralenberg | |
|---|---|
| Philipp Iohan von Strahlenberg | |
| Birth name | Philip Johann (Johan) Tabbert |
| Date of Birth | or |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | or |
| A place of death | |
| A country | |
| Scientific field | anthrax |
| Place of work | from 1709 to 1722 captured in Tobolsk and on the expedition of D.G. Messerschmidt in Siberia |
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Scientific activities
- 3 Published works
- 4 Image in fiction
- 5 Sources
- 6 notes
- 7 References
Biography
Born in 1676 in the city of Stralsund (province of Pomerania ), located on the Baltic Sea. The city was part of the Hanseatic League ; by the peace treaty of 1648, it was transferred to Sweden . Having chosen a military career, he entered the Swedish army in 1694. He built fortifications in Stralsund and Wismar .
From the beginning of the Northern War he was in the army. In 1703, he received the rank of captain for participating in the assault and the capture of the Thorn fortress. January 31, 1707 for courage and bravery, Charles XII granted the nobility and the name Stralenberg [6] . June 27, 1709 participated in the Battle of Poltava . He was captured (there are two versions of the captivity [7] ), sent to Moscow, from there at the beginning of 1711 to Khlynov , and in the summer all captured officers were transferred to Tobolsk . Living in Tobolsk, he worked on a geographical map of Siberia. The first map he compiled disappeared during a fire in Tobolsk in 1715.
“And although I had information about where my suitcase and map are, however, as a prisoner, I did not dare to claim my rights to these things, for fear of unpleasant consequences for myself” [8] ).
Having met Stralenberg during his stay in Tobolsk , the German scientist Daniil Gottlieb Messerschmidt appealed to the Tobolsk administration with a request to release F. I. Tabbert and D. Kappel on an expedition with him. Prince Cherkassky, by his decree of February 27, 1721, allowed the "Swedish prisoners of Chief Officer Ivan Filippov Tabbert and the Under-Officer Daniel Kappel" to accompany Messerschmidt on his expedition [9] [10] . I visited Siberia in Tomsk, Narym, Abakan, Krasnoyarsk, Yeniseisk.
After the conclusion of the Nistadt Peace, Stralenberg received permission to return to Sweden. Departed from Krasnoyarsk to Moscow on May 13, 1722. In 1723, von Stralenberg returned to Sweden, where he received the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1740 he was appointed commandant of the Karlsgam fortress.
Stralenberg died in 1747 at the estate of his brother's wife, Per Siegfried, in the city of Yeting .
Scientific activity
In 1730, Stralenberg published a book, Historical and Geographical Description of the Northern and Eastern Parts of Europe and Asia, which was subsequently translated into Russian . In his book, Stralenberg also cited various, often opposing, assessments of the personality of Peter I and his activities, common in Russia .
Stralenberg's works are an interesting historical source that carries many valuable information about Western Siberia at the beginning of the 18th century . Of particular interest is Stralenberg's contribution to the study of the languages of the indigenous peoples of the Urals and Siberia.
Stralenberg was the first to put forward the theory of the Ugric origin of the Bashkir people .
Published Works
- “Preliminary Report on the Great Tataria and the Siberian Kingdom” (1726) - in German
- "Historical and geographical description of the Northern and Eastern parts of Europe and Asia" (1730) - in German
- Notes by captain Philip Johann Stralenberg on the history and geography of the Russian Empire Peter the Great: Northern and Eastern parts of Europe and Asia / Compiled by E. A. Savelyev, Yu. N. Bespyatykh, V. E. Vozgrin. - M.-L .: Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1985-86. - 446 p. - 400 copies.
The works of Stralenberg were translated in 1736 and 1738 into English, in 1757 into French, and in 1780 into Spanish. This work was published in Russian for the first time in 1797 under the title "Historical and Geographical Description of the Midnight East of Europe and Asia." Excerpts from him about Siberian aliens were published in the Siberian Herald ( 1888 , No. 18-24.
Image in Fiction
Philip Johann von Stralenberg is one of the main characters in the novel by A.V. Ivanov “ Tobol ” (2017) and the film adaptation of the same name (2018).
Sources
- Andreev A. I. Essays on the source study of Siberia. Vol. second: XVIII century (first half). - M.-L .: Nauka , 1965 .-- S. 32-44. - 1300 copies.
- Novlyanskaya M. G. Philip Johann Stralenberg: His work on the study of Siberia / Ed. ed. M.I. Belov . - M .; L .: Nauka , 1966 .-- 96 p. - ( Scientific and biographical series ). - 7000 copies.
- Zinner E.P. Siberia in the News of West European Travelers and Scientists of the 18th Century. - Irkutsk: East Siberian Book Publishing House, 1968. - 121-139 p. - 10,000 copies.
- Savelieva E. A. Russian translations of the book F.-I. Stralenberg in the first half of the XVIII century. // Notes by Captain Philip Johann Stralenberg on the history and geography of the Russian Empire Peter the Great: Northern and Eastern parts of Europe and Asia. - M.-L.: Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1985-1986. - S. 221-240. - 400 copies.
- Grishchev V.A. Map of Siberia by Philip Johann von Stralenberg // Local Lore Notes / Irkut. reg. edges. Museum - Irkutsk: Publishing House of the Institute of Geography. V. B. Sochava SB RAS, 2007.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 100632025 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Swartz A. Open Library - 2007.
- ↑ 1 2 Philip Johan Strahlenberg, von (Tabbert) - 1917.
- ↑ there are two versions of the history of his captivity - see: Novlyanskaya M. G. Phillip Johann Stralenberg. His work on the study of Siberia. - M.-L .: Nauka, 1966 .-- S. 27
- ↑ Novlyanskaya M.G. Philip Johann Stralenberg. His work on the study of Siberia. M.-L .: Nauka, 1966.S. 25-26.
- ↑ Novlyanskaya M.G. Philip Johann Stralenberg. S. 27.
- ↑ Novlyanskaya M.G. Philip Johann Stralenberg. S. 30.
- ↑ Novlyanskaya M.G. Daniil Gottlieb Messerschmidt and his work on the study of Siberia. L .: Nauka, 1970.S. 22. footnote 25.
- ↑ Napolskikh V.V. Twice Forgotten (D. G. Messerschmidt - the first researcher of the Udmurt language and culture)
Links
- Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg. Vorbericht eines zum Druck verfertigten Werckes von der grossen Tartarey und dem Koenigreiche Siberien. Stockholm, 1726 (full-text edition of 1726 - in German)
- Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg. Das Nord- und ostliche Theil von Europa und Asia ... In verlegung des autoris, 1730 (full-text edition of the book of 1730 - in German)
- The article "Hypotheses on the origin of the Nenets" (on the assumption of Stralenberg)