Adolf Loz ( Loos , German: Adolf Loos ; December 10, 1870 - August 23, 1933) is an Austrian and Czechoslovak architect and architectural theorist. He played a significant role in the formation of the international style . As a theoretician, the most famous essay is ( 1913 ), in which he criticizes Art Nouveau (primarily “Art Nouveau”) in European architecture, for its ornamentality .
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| A country |  Austria-Hungary  Czechoslovakia |
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Life and work
He was born in 1870 in Brunn (Brno) in the German family of stonecutter Adolf Loz.
In 1887-1888 he attended the construction and technical department of a vocational school in Bohemian Liberec , in 1890-1893 he studied at the Higher Technical School of Dresden , but did not finish it. He visited the World Exhibition in Chicago in 1893 and stayed in the United States for 3 years, lived in St. Louis , Philadelphia , Chicago and New York . I tried to work in various professions, but not in architecture.
Having moved to Vienna in 1896, he got a job as an architect in the construction company Karl Mayreder. Beginning in 1897, he writes numerous articles on the theory of architecture, published mainly in the daily newspaper Neue Freie Presse. In 1899, in Vienna, opposite the Secession House, the building erected according to his design, for the architectural solution unusual for that time, which was called the Cafe Nihilism.
In 1902, married actress (1882-1950), three years later the marriage broke up.
In 1903 he founded his own cultural journal, but only 2 issues were published. In January of the same year, work began on the Karma villa near Montreux on Lake Geneva , the work was completed in 1906 . Since 1909, he worked on the building at the Michaelhelplatz in Vienna (construction was completed in 1911), and since 1910, on the Steiner house in the Vienna district of Hitzing and the Bookstore for men in Vienna. In 1912 he opened his own architectural school, which was subsequently closed in 1914 in connection with the outbreak of the First World War . During the 1910s, he designed a series of buildings in Vienna: the Shoy House (1912-1913), the Dusnice House (1915-1916), the Mandl House (1916), the Villa Strasser (1918-1919).
In the period 1917-1918 he was in military service in St. Pölten and Vienna. After the end of the war and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, he personally receives Czechoslovak citizenship from Czechoslovak President Masaryk . Marries the dancer Elsie Altman (1899-1984). In 1920, the work of his architectural school was resumed.
In May 1921, he was appointed chief architect of the Vienna Construction Directorate, and he was developing the layout of the Leinz (1921), Heuberg (1923) and Hirschtetten (1921) districts. In 1922 he travels with his wife through Trieste and Venice to Nice , and from there to London, where he took part in the architectural congress. At the end of March, he returns through Milan to Vienna. In the same year, he took part in a competition to create a building for the Chicago Tribune newspaper . In 1923 he participated in the Paris Autumn Salon.
He resigns as chief architect in Vienna in 1924, and moves with his wife to France , where he lives for 5 years alternately in Paris and the Cote d'Azur . In 1925, he began work on the creation of the house-studio of the Dadaist Tristan Tzara in Paris, the construction was completed in 1926. In 1926, divorced from Elsie Altman. In 1927 he designed the house of Josephine Baker in Paris. In the same year he returns to Vienna, lives in the same apartment as in 1903, builds Möller's house in Vienna. In 1928 he was invited to the 1st International Congress of Modern Architecture in La Sarraz. In 1928-1930 he built the Brummel House in Brno, the Müller Villa in Prague . In 1929 he married for the third time - to Claire Beck (1905-1945).
Loza’s 60th birthday is celebrated in 1930 with a congratulatory address signed by Hermann Bar , Alban Berg , Josef Frank , Oscar Kokoschka , Jacob Oud , Karl Kraus , Ezra Pound , Arnold Schoenberg , Tristan Tzara , Anton Webern ; at the suggestion of the leadership of Brno Loz, an honorary pension was granted to the Czechoslovak Republic . In retirement, he visits the Riviera several times and divorces his wife.
In 1931, due to an aggravated neurological disease, he went to the clinic and almost completely lost his hearing. He died in 1933 during a course of treatment in a sanatorium.
Literature
- Sarnitz A. “Loos,” Köln 2003.
- M. Kristan "Adolf Loos", Wien 2001.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 Adolf Loos
Links
- Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adolf Loos
- Adolph Loos at ARCHITIME.RU