Endogamy (from the ancient Greek ἔνδον - inside + γάμος - marriage) - marriage within a certain social group or category (for example, class , caste , confessional community). Contrasted with exogamy . One of the consequences of epigamy . Mandatory or preferred endogamy is considered one of the signs of ethnic community, the most characteristic of the primitive tribe [1] [2] .
The terms "endogamy" and " exogamy " are introduced by the Scottish researcher of marriage and family relations of primitive society John McLennan in the work " Primitive marriage " (1865) [1] .
Content
Endogamy practice
The endogamous group in a tribal society was usually a tribe . The endogamy of a tribe, as a rule, was combined with the exogamy of the genera and phratries belonging to it [3] [4] . Distributed among some nations, in particular, the Parsis .
Back in the 1830s, George Gray described Australian Aboriginal customs that forbade marriage between persons with the same family name or common totem mark, pointing to a similar custom among North American Indians who were divided into totem groups and married only to people who were not of their totem. This custom, the most common among primitive tribes, MacLennan gave the name of exogamy , and the opposite custom, when marriage was necessarily prescribed within his own group (for example, the Manchus forbade marriage between persons of different family nicknames), called endogamy .
Lewis Morgan later proved [5] that endogamy and exogamy are largely two sides of the same phenomenon. In all authentically studied primitive peoples, only a genus or totem is exogamic, within which marriage is absolutely forbidden; in relation to all other tribes of the tribe, not only is there no absolute prohibition of marriage, but, on the contrary, marriage is not practiced outside the tribe and is even forbidden for some tribes [6] .
In the states of Central Asia , the traditions of endogamous marriage are still strong. Azeris , Kazakhs , Kyrgyz , Turkmen , Uzbeks belong to the Turkic-speaking community and allow marriages within it, and outside of it - undesirable [7] .
See also
- Exogamy
- Monogamy
- Polygamy
- Polyandry
- Polygamy
- Polyamory
- Open marriage
- Group marriage
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Endogamy . Great Russian Encyclopedia - electronic version . bigenc.ru. The appeal date is July 22, 2018.
- ↑ National Historical Encyclopedia . interpretive.ru. The appeal date is July 22, 2018.
- ↑ National Historical Encyclopedia . interpretive.ru. The appeal date is July 22, 2018.
- ↑ National Historical Encyclopedia . interpretive.ru. The appeal date is July 22, 2018.
- ↑ L. Morgan. Ancient Society. - Rus transl., ed. Panteleev, 1900. - New York, London, 1877.
- ↑ Endogamy and Exogamy // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Kravchenko A.I. Endogamy and Exogamy . - Sociology. Textbook for bachelors. - Prospectus, 2016. - 559 p. - ISBN 9785392189601 .
Literature
- Shternberg L. Ya. ,. Endogamy and exogamy // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Bromley Yu. V. Ethnos and Ethnography. - M. , 1973.