Marfino (Moscow region)

For the first time, Marfino is mentioned in the boundary book for 1560 as a wasteland. As the village of Marfino was first mentioned in a letter from Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich : September 19, 1619 Marfino, along with the village of Vladykino, was bestowed on the eternal hereditary possession of Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky for courage and loyalty to the throne during the invasion (Collection of State Letters and Treaties, 3, 312), but in 1623 the village returns back to the possession of the Epiphany monastery .

After the exchange of land between Patriarch Nikon and the Epiphany Monastery in 1653, Marfino passes into the possession of the Patriarch.

In 1688, the Patriarch agrees to donate the village of Marfino to the monastic brotherhood. After this, the monastery was owned by Marfino a little less than a century. The monastery remains the owner of Marfino until 1764, until Catherine II takes the land of all monasteries to the treasury. The rink of Catherine’s reforms also affected the Epiphany Monastery, which lost almost all of its lands. According to the revision of 1744, there were 32 souls in the village. 30 quarters of the earth occupied the field. There were only 10 workers, they didn’t have enough land under them, but they received a salary from the monastery, each year they paid 2 rubles, 6 quarters of bread, and the monastery paid the capitation money (that is, taxes for these workers). There were 20 hayfields of mowing lands, and 2 tithing in the forest of plowed and not plowed. In addition, in Marfino there were 3 ponds dug with fish, a livestock factory.

From the second half of the 18th century, home-weaving appeared in Marfino, in which the labor of girls was actively used. Women and girls made socks, stockings and gloves, which are in good demand in Moscow.

On the map of the beginning of the XIX century. Marfino is surrounded by fields, to the east of which is the Sheremetyevs' park, which goes north into the forest, to the west - into the undergrowth, stretching all the way to Dmitrov , south of Marfino there are fields stretching to the Butyrskaya Sloboda. Part of the land surrounding it belonged to the Epiphany monastery. A beautiful decorative forest rose on these lands, but the monastery authorities ordered to cut it down.

1877 year. In Marfino (most likely not in the village itself, but in the area of ​​Kasyonkin Luga) there is a tavern. There are 36 houses in 34 yards, of the 190 inhabitants of the village 16 are in other areas for work, 9 men and 1 woman in Marfino are literate. By age, residents were distributed as follows: under 15 there were 54 people, from 15 to 25 years old - 32 people, over 60 years old - only 7 people, that is, less than 4% of the population. The average life expectancy did not exceed 40 years.

On October 24, 1885, the Alexandro-Marfinsky orphanage with an elementary school was opened in Marfino, created and operated with the money of the Epiphany Monastery. The shelter was created for orphaned boys and children of the poorest families of parents of a spiritual rank and is dedicated to the memory of the coronation of Their Imperial Majesties in 1883. In the shelter they taught both carpentry and bookbinding, and singing and playing the violin. The distinguished students were awarded gifts. Everyone who graduated from the college was given the holy gospel. With the opening of the shelter church, Marfino ceased to be a village and acquired the status of a village.

Until 1905, Marfino was part of the Second Police Camp of Moscow County. On December 19, 1905, the Highest Approved Opinion of the State Council of the Russian Empire, Marfino, from the jurisdiction of the Moscow District Police, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Moscow Metropolitan Police.

1923 is the last year for the temple in Marfino. This year, the Sokolniki district executive committee decides to ask the city authorities to close the house church at the orphanage (the shelter was converted into an orphanage by this time) and transfer the premises of the church to the kindergarten.

On November 29, 1927, by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Marfino, together with Rostokino, Alekseevsky and Lower Likhobory, was included in Moscow. In 1928, Marfino (already within the borders of Moscow) is a small village located on both sides of Bolshaya Marfinskaya Street . Half a mile from Marfino, on the road to Ostankino, there is another settlement - Kasyonkin Lug, which got its name from the Kasyonka River (or rather, Kamenka ) - one of the right tributaries of the Yauza River, which is currently enclosed in a pipe and hidden under the ground.

On the map of the Rostokinsky district of 1937, the village of Marfino lies to the north of Kamenka. In the eastern part of Marfino there is a large rectangle, apparently an orphanage, in the northern part of its territory there is a small pond. Between Marfino and Susokolovsky highway there is a forest, in the center of which there is a small swamp. Between Kasyonkinskaya streets and the Oktyabrskaya railway, as well as between Kashyonkin Lug and Marfino - a whole division of greenhouses, apparently this is the state farm "Marfino". After the Great Patriotic War, the premises of the former shelter were under the jurisdiction of the Research Institute of Automation . It housed the famous " sharashka " (the MGB enterprise, where scientists brought from camps, deprived of their liberty, worked on the creation of new types of weapons), described by A. I. Solzhenitsyn in the book " In the first circle ." In fact, the “Martha Sharashka” gave rise to the Marfino district. The Marfinsky laboratory was transferred to the status of a research institute. Today it is the parent company of JSC Concern Avtomatika. Together with the institute, the Marfino district grew. The first five-story house was built by the employees themselves. Gradually, all the houses of the village of Marfino were demolished and in their place built the city. So the first streets appeared - Botanicheskaya , Malaya Botanicheskaya , Akademika Komarova ^[5] .

For 70 years, until Marfino became an independent region, it managed to visit five different regions. In 1977, Marfino is part of the Kirovsky district of Moscow. In 1991, the Marfino municipal district was formed, and in 1995 it receives the status of the Moscow region.

There are only 3 environmental protection complexes in Marfino: the boulevard on Gostinichnaya street with an area of ​​2 hectares, the project boulevard on Komdiva Orlova street with an area of ​​2.9 hectares, the Vladykino cemetery with an area of ​​1.1 hectares. Of all the districts of the North-Eastern Administrative District, Marfino is the last in the number of natural complexes on its territory. True, the region itself is very small.

The southern part of the Marfino district was a separate settlement and was called Kasyonkin Meadow. Until now, one of the streets of Marfino bears this name. Where did this name come from - Kasyonkin Meadow? It appeared as a result of a mistake made in the 19th century when a clerk instead of Kamenkin Meadow (that is, a meadow on the Kamenka River) accidentally wrote "Kasyonkin Meadow". The new name has taken root, and few of the residents of the street. Kasyonkin Meadow is generally suspected that the river Kamenka flows in the pipe next to them, giving the name of their street and locality. Since 1925, the street leading from Kasyonkin Luga to the road to Sergiev Posad was called Bolshaya Kasyonkinskaya Street. On March 1, 1966, it was renamed Akademika Komarova Street ^[6] .

The automobile security of the district lags behind the rest of the regions of the NEAD. Due to violations of SNiP during the construction of the 51-52 microdistrict, there is practically no place for roads in this area, and therefore, road construction here causes resistance from residents of houses whose windows overlook future roads ^[15] .

At the moment, one of the most important highways of the region at the moment is Komdiva Orlova Street , merging into the Botanical Street , which, beyond the First Altufevsky overpass, passes into the Altufevskoye Highway .

In the north of the district, along the small ring of the Moscow Railway , Stantsionnaya Street passes, duplicated on the other side of the railway in the Otradnoye area with Signal Passage . Station Street and Signalny Proezd will soon be part of two new highways - the North-Western Chord ^[16] and the North-Eastern Chord ^[17] .

• Northeast of Moscow. Years. Developments. People (author. Coll. Averyanov K. A. ). M., 2012.S. 283-287. ISBN 978-5-9904122-1-7 .
• Marfino County Board
• Official website of the Marfino intracity municipality
• The page of the Marfino municipality on the website of the Government of Moscow
• Site about the Marfino area
• Marfino area news portal