international tourism

Let us turn to the modern concept of tourism in international acts and legal literature. In the 1980 Manila Declaration on World Tourism , tourism is defined as an activity that is important in the life of peoples because of its direct impact on the social, cultural, educational and economic fields of life of states and their international relations.

The 1989 Hague Declaration states that

“Tourism has become a phenomenon that has entered today in the daily lives of hundreds of millions of people and:

1. includes all free movements of people from their place of residence and work, as well as a service sector created to meet the needs arising from these movements;
2. represents a type of activity that is crucial for the lives of people and modern societies, turning into an important form of using the free time of individuals and the main means of interpersonal relations and political, economic and cultural contacts that have become necessary as a result of the internationalization of all sectors of the life of nations;
3. should be everyone's concern. It is both a consequence and a decisive factor in the quality of life in modern society. Therefore, parliaments and governments should pay more and more active attention to tourism in order to ensure its development in harmony with other basic needs and activities of the society. ”

Tourism, as defined by the International Academy of Tourism ( Monte Carlo , Monaco ), is a general concept for all forms of temporary departure of people from their place of residence for recreational purposes and (or) to satisfy cognitive interests in their free time or for professional business purposes without classes paid activity in the place of temporary stay.

In legal literature, international tourism is defined as follows - this is travel with tourist purposes outside the country of permanent residence. This is a travel system based on international treaties, taking into account current international customs.

Attention should be paid to the difference between the concepts of “international tourism”, “foreign tourism” and “foreign tourism”. International tourism is a legal concept, therefore there are no legal grounds for the existence of the terms “foreign tourism” and “foreign tourism”. There is no reason to conclude that the concept of "international tourism" absorbs the terms "foreign tourism" and "foreign tourism". These concepts are more likely economic categories, and are more characteristic of the Soviet period of state and law.

Currently, the most common concept of “international tourism”, which has been legalized in the legal systems of various countries of the world, is the definition formulated in 1993 by the UN Statistical Commission for the purposes of tourism statistics (Concepts, definitions and classifications for tourism statistics), as well as Recommendations on Tourism statistics of the World Tourism Organization. According to these documents, tourism is the activity of people who travel and stay in places outside their normal environment for a period not exceeding one year in a row, for the purpose of recreation, business and other purposes.

Tourism is the activity of persons traveling or staying in places outside their usual residence continuously for no more than one year for leisure purposes or for business and other purposes, not related to the implementation of any paid activity at the place of stay.

Thus, the definition of tourism is based on the following features:

• tourism is the result of the movement of people;
• tourism always includes two elements: a trip to a destination and a stop there;
• travel means leaving the country (or region) where the tourist resides;
• Travel - is a temporary movement of a tourist along a tourist route.

The special principles of international tourism include the following:

• freedom of movement and freedom of choice of residence within each state (Article 13 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights);
• freedom of movement and non-discrimination (art. 1 of the Tourism Charter of 1985)
• respect for state sovereignty, etc.

All types of products (services) consumed by tourists can be classified as follows:

• hotels and restaurants (including catering);
• travel agency and travel agency services;
• tour desk services;
• others.

• World Tourism Organization website
• Mironov Yu. B. Prospects for the development of international tourism
• international tourism