Clever Geek Handbook
📜 ⬆️ ⬇️

Ioffe, Emanuel Grigorievich

Emanuil Grigorievich Ioffe ( Belorussian. Emanuil Rygoravich Iofe ; born , ) - Soviet and Belarusian historian, sociologist and political scientist, doctor of historical sciences .

Emanuel G. Ioffe
Belor. Emanuil Rygoravich Iofe
Ioffe EG.jpg
Emanuel Joffe, May 9, 2010
Date of Birth
Place of Birth
A country the USSR
Belarus
Scientific fieldhistory , sociology , political science
Place of workBelarusian State Pedagogical University
Alma materBelarusian State University
Academic degreeDoctor of Historical Sciences
Academic rankProfessor
supervisorKopysky, Zinovy ​​Yul'evich
Known ashistorian , researcher of the history of Jews, World War II , biographies of the leaders of the BSSR
Awards and prizesAnniversary medal "For Valiant Labor (For Military Valor). In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin "

He made a significant contribution to Belarusian historiography , a study of the history of the Jews of Belarus , studied and described a number of little-known aspects of the Great Patriotic War , and also conducted an analysis of the life and work of a number of leaders of the BSSR [1] . Also known as an active promoter of historical knowledge, teacher and public figure.

One of the leading experts on the history of the Holocaust in Belarus [2] [3] .

Content

  • 1 Biography
  • 2 Scientific work
    • 2.1 Soviet period
    • 2.2 Doctoral dissertation
    • 2.3 Post-Soviet period
    • 2.4 Expert work
    • 2.5 Teaching
    • 2.6 Major scientific achievements
  • 3 social activities
  • 4 Awards
  • 5 Family
  • 6 Main publications
  • 7 Bibliography
  • 8 Notes
  • 9 Literature
  • 10 Links

Biography

He was born on March 20, 1939 in the city of Berezino, Minsk region [4] [5] (at that time - the urban village of the Mogilev region ).

Father Grigory Saulovich ( 1896 - 1987 ), a native of the town of Selib Igumen district . He fought as part of the First Horse Army during the Civil War , and was seriously wounded in the leg. Mother Kuna Naumovna Frumkina ( 1906 - 1986 ), a native of Berezino. In addition to Emanuel, there were two more sons in the family: the eldest - Saul, born in 1935 and the youngest - Naum born in 1942 The cousin of Gregory Ioffe and aunt Emanuel was a revolutionary Vera Slutskaya [6] . My cousin was Savely Yakovlevich Ioffe - an active participant in the partisan movement in the Luban district of Minsk region [7] .

At the beginning of World War II, the Ioffe family managed to evacuate to Kazakhstan . Grigory Saulovich, despite numerous statements about sending him to the front, the medical commission did not miss because of a serious injury. In 1941 - 1942, about 20 relatives of Emanuel Ioffe, remaining in Belarus, died during the Holocaust . In the spring of 1945, the Ioffe family returned from Kazakhstan to Berezino [8] .

In 1946, Emanuel entered Berezinsky secondary school No. 2, which he graduated in the summer of 1956 with two fours and the remaining excellent marks in the certificate. In the same year he entered the first year of the Faculty of History of BSU [9] .

In the summer of 1957 he participated in the development of virgin lands in Kazakhstan , for which he was awarded an honorary diploma of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Kazakhstan [10] .

After graduating from university in 1961, he was sent to work as a history and social science teacher at the Kremoksky secondary school of the Starodorozhsky (later Slutsky ) district of the Minsk region. He worked at school until 1964 , after which he moved to work at the Novopolsky Agricultural College [11] . While working in a technical school, he entered the correspondence department of the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University with a degree in Political Economy , where he studied for several years [12] .

In July 1967, Emmanuel Joffe married Eleanor Lifshits, born in 1945 , a native of Minsk , and moved to the capital of the republic. For two years, he worked as a head teacher and history teacher in secondary school No. 13, and for the next 9 years, as a history and social science teacher in secondary school No. 100 [13] .

In 1969, while continuing to work at the school, he entered the correspondence post-graduate course of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR . In 1975, Ioffe defended his thesis, and on August 30, 1978, after six months of hourly work at the Department of Scientific Communism, he was hired for the full-time job as an assistant professor at the M. Gorky Minsk Pedagogical Institute (now the Belarusian State Pedagogical University ) [14] .

In 1983, he became an assistant professor. In April 1993, Emanuel Ioffe defended his doctoral dissertation and since that time has been working as a professor at the Department of Political Science and Law of the Belarusian State Pedagogical University [15] .

After defending his doctoral dissertation, Emanuel Ioffe decided to improve his education and received two more diplomas. In 1993, he graduated from the National Institute of Humanities of the Republic of Belarus and received a diploma in political science. Teacher of Political Science ”, and in 1996 - the Republican Institute of Higher School and Humanities Education and received a third diploma in“ Sociology ”. In the same period, from 1993 to 1994, he graduated in absentia from the Catastrophe of European Jewry Open Israel University course, which he received a corresponding certificate in 1995 [16] .

In 1995, the Higher Attestation Commission of Belarus awarded him the academic title of “ Professor ” [16] .

In March-April 2009, an exhibition dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Emanuel Ioffe was held at the National Library of Belarus [17] .

Scientific work

Soviet period

Joffe showed a penchant for scientific activity during his studies at the university. In particular, he took part in competitions of student scientific papers, as well as in all-Union student scientific conferences. For its active participation in scientific work, the BSU administration rewarded him with two volumes of Ernest Hemingway , and in April 1961 he was elected an honorary member of the Student Scientific Society of the Latvian State University named after P. Knocking [18] .

During his teaching work, Ioffe 10 times (9 in Minsk and 1 in Moscow) tried to enter graduate school at universities, research institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR and the Ministry of Education, but did not enter the competition. Finally, in 1969, he was enrolled in correspondence postgraduate study at the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. Doctor of Historical Sciences Zinovy ​​Yulievich Kopysky became its supervisor. As Ioffe himself later wrote, Kopysky had the greatest influence on his formation as a scientist [19] .

In 1972, Ioffe published an article in the prestigious Moscow scientific journal Soviet Slavonic Studies on the scientific heritage of V. I. Picheta .

In February 1975, he defended his thesis on "Pitcheta V.I. as a Historian of the Socio-Economic Development of Belarus (XV - first half of the XVII century)" (scientific adviser - professor 3. Yu. Kopysky). A positive review was sent to the dissertation abstract from Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, full member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR Militsa Vasilievna Nechkina . The recall, in particular, said:

The author drew a large circle of sources, subjected them to thorough study, and clarified the evolution of the scientist’s worldview and methodology. The advantage of this work is the involvement of not only printed, but also archival materials.

The defense read positive reviews from Slavic scholars from the Institute of Slavic Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Department of History of the Southern and Western Slavs of Moscow State University, including from Doctor of Historical Sciences Professor VD Korolyuk [20] .

The most significant scientific work of Joffe of the Soviet period was the monograph “From the History of the Belarusian Village (Soviet historiography of the socio-economic development of the Belarusian village in the middle of the XVII - the first half of the XIX century)”, published in 1990 . The review of this work noted a huge source base and the inclusion in the consideration of the works of not only Belarusian, but also Russian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian and Polish historians. Of particular importance were the appeal to Polish historiography and the introduction into the circulation of research by a number of repressed Soviet historians. It was also noted that the author focused not only on successes and achievements in covering historical problems, but also revealed shortcomings, controversial and unresolved issues [21] . Leonid Smilovitsky noted that the book of Ioffe is devoid of empty politicized appeals and references to the policy of the CPSU , however, it contains really important political decisions that influenced the development of historical science in the BSSR [22] . Another positive review was published in the newsletter Vesti AN BSSR [23] . The monograph is included in the list of studies recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Republic of Belarus for graduate students preparing to pass exams in history [24] .

Between 1978 and 1991 Ioffe published a number of scientific articles about the life and work of some well-known representatives of Belarusian science and culture, in particular, Yakub Kolas , S. M. Nekrashevich and V. M. Ignatovsky . In addition, he became a co-author of the book “Academician V. I. Pitcheta. Pages of life. "

In the same period, he took up military-historical research, the result of which was a lot of articles about Soviet military commanders associated with Belarus, and the book “ Soviet military commanders on Belarusian soil. Guide to Places of Life and Activities , published in 1988 .

Doctoral Thesis

By the fall of 1991, Ioffe had prepared a doctoral dissertation on the topic “Soviet historiography of the socio-economic development of a Belarusian village in the middle of the XVII - the first half of the XIX century”.

The first stage in its defense was a joint meeting of the Department of History of Belarus and socio-political disciplines and the Department of History of the USSR on October 31, 1991. Further, the dissertation was discussed in the departments of special historical research and the history of Belarus of the Middle Ages of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus. The final conclusion was signed by the heads of these departments on January 4, 1993 [25] .

The defense of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Historical Sciences took place in April 1993 at the Council of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus . Ioffe's opponents were Professor Vladimir Mikhnyuk , Doctor of Historical Sciences, Zinoviy Kopyssky, Doctor of Historical Sciences, and Professor Joseph Juho , Doctor of Historical Sciences. The leading scientific institution in the process of defending the dissertation was the Department of Economic History of the Belarusian State Economic University. The opponents' high assessment of the dissertation coincided with the assessments of reviewers of the base monograph [26] .

According to the authors of the book “E. G. Joffe. Portrait of a scientist and teacher ”, delay of the second stage of defense was associated with the opposition of a number of ill-wishers at the Institute of History, guided by envy and anti-Semitic motives [27] .

Post-Soviet period

After receiving additional education in the field of political science, sociology and Jewish history, Ioffe took up research in the field of hebraistics .

Since 1996, he has published a number of works on the history of Belarusian Jews. The main topics in this area were the socio-economic aspects in the history of Belarusian Jews, the activities of Jewish organizations in Belarus, the mass persecution and murder of Jews during the years of Nazi occupation, and the role of Belarusian Jews and their descendants in the history of other countries [28] .

In his works, Ioffe debunked a number of myths on the history of Belarusian Jews. He refuted the conventional wisdom that Jews came to Belarusian land as strangers in search of profit, were rich and oppressors, or engaged in trade, avoiding physical labor. Joffe showed that the appearance of Jews in Belarus was the initiative of the then authorities, who invited merchants, craftsmen and doctors from abroad, since the serfdom in the country limited the possibilities for such specialization. Moreover, most Jews lived in the same poverty as their Belarusian neighbors. In particular, in 1765 all Lithuanian and Belarusian Jews were insolvent, and debt grew rapidly. By the end of the 19th century, the vast majority of Belarusian Jews were artisans, mainly shoemakers or tailors [29] [30] [31] .

Ioffe also published a number of scientific works in the field of the history of the Zionist movement in Belarus. The role of Belarusian Jews in Zionism was revealed on the examples of the activities of Shmuel Mogilever , Menachem Usyshkin , the organizations Hashomer hazair , Tarbut and others. The largest work in this area is the monograph “Joint in Belarus”, written in collaboration with Benjamin Meltzer. This book shows for the first time the work of the Joint in the region and its contribution to supporting Belarusian science and culture from 1921 to 1930. Joffe found that the organization was international in nature and was not limited to the Jewish population. In particular, the help of the Joint was received by Yanka Kupala , Yakub Kolas , Vladimir Picheta and many other Belarusian scientists and cultural figures [32] .

Two works by Ioffe about prominent Jews born on the territory of Belarus gained fame. This monograph is “Belarusian Jews in Israel” (2000) and the book “Nobel Laureates with Belarusian Roots” (2008). The reviews note the scientific merits and relevance of these works [33] [34] .

The main work of Ioffe on the genocide of Belarusian Jews during the Second World War is the monograph “Belarusian Jews: tragedy and heroism. 1941-1945 ”, published in 2003. In this work, in addition to the general integrated approach to the topic, the scientist made a number of pioneering systemic reconstructions of individual issues, for example, the activities of the partisan brigade NN Nikitin, partisan detachment named after Voroshilov, the activities of Jews as part of the special groups of the NKVD, and also put forward an alternative version of the assassination of William Kube . The author for the first time deeply reflected on the topic of Jewish participation in the anti-fascist underground in Belarusian cities [35] .

In addition to Jewish subjects, Ioffe also took up little-studied subjects from the period of the Second World War. The result of this work was the 2007 book Abwehr, Security and SD Police, Secret Field Police, and the Foreign Armies - East Division in the Western Regions of the USSR. Strategy and tactics. 1939-1945 ". The review of the book indicates that it reveals a number of previously unknown aspects of the activities of the Nazi special services in the USSR, in particular, the composition and features of the work of agents, cites a number of never-published facts involving a large amount of archival information. In particular, the author was able to calculate the number of victims among the participants of the Belarusian underground, which amounted to 37,500 people, that is, about half of the total number [36] . The theme of World War II was supplemented by the books “The High Partisan Command of Belarus, 1941-1944” (2009) and “When and Why Hitler and Other High Ranks of Nazi Germany Came to the USSR?” (2010). In the last book, Ioffe argues that the decision to attack Moscow was made by Hitler during a visit to Borisov in the summer of 1941 [37] .

A separate topic of Joffe's research was the analysis of the life and work of the leaders of the BSSR. The result of this scientific work was the book “From Myasnikov to Malofeev. Who led the BSSR ", released in 2008. In a review of this monograph, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Mikhail Strelets writes that it can be evaluated as an example of a comprehensive study of personalities in modern Belarusian studies. Ioffe opens for the general reader a number of unknown names in the leadership of the BSSR, introduces new facts into scientific circulation, closes gaps and corrects inaccuracies of earlier publications on this subject [38] .

Expert work

Ioffe was a member of three scientific councils for the defense of dissertations [39] :

  • Council for the defense of doctoral dissertations at BSPU Tanka;
  • Council for the defense of doctoral dissertations at BSU;
  • Council for the defense of dissertations for the degree of candidate of historical sciences [40] at the Belarusian Research Institute of Documentation and Archival Affairs .

He is also an expert at the Fund for Fundamental Research of the Republic of Belarus and a scientific consultant to the 6-volume Encyclopedia of the History of Belarus and the 18-volume Belarusian Encyclopedia [41] .

Teaching

As part of his work as a professor at the Department of Political Science and Law of the Belarusian State Pedagogical University, Emanuel Ioffe conducted large-scale teaching work. He was one of the first lecturers who switched to the Belarusian language in the teaching of political science, developed a number of new lectures and special courses [16] . Moreover, he also participated in more than 300 national and international scientific conferences [41] , wrote and edited textbooks, and supervised the scientific work of his students [42] . Students call Joffe the “discussion master” for his seminar methodology [10] .

Since 1995, Ioffe combined teaching at the Belarusian State Pedagogical University with work in a number of other educational institutions. In particular, from 1995 to 1998, he was vice-rector of the Jewish People’s University , from 1999 to 2004 - professor at the Department of Economics, Social Sciences and Judaics of the International Humanitarian Institute of the Belarusian State University (BSU), he taught at the Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship and the Commercial University of Management. In 2004 - 2006 he was a professor at the Department of Cultural Studies at the Faculty of International Relations of BSU [39] .

Key Scientific Achievements

According to the authors of the book “E. G. Joffe. Portrait of a scientist and teacher, ”Ioffe's key scientific studies were made in the field of Jewish history, little explored and unexplored aspects of World War II, and analysis of the life and work of a number of leaders of the BSSR [1] . He is considered one of the leading experts on the history of the Holocaust in Belarus [2] [3] .

Emmanuel Joffe is the author of more than 1,550 publications. Of these, 622 are scientific works with a total volume of more than 960 printed sheets , including 40 books and brochures. Ioffe's scientific papers were published in Germany, the USA, Israel, Poland, and several other countries [10] [43] . He prepared two candidates of historical sciences and one master of history. He was an official opponent in defending 22 dissertations in history, one in sociology and one in political science [44] .

Community Activities

Emanuel Ioffe has been engaged in and continues to engage in social activities related to the promotion of historical knowledge.

In 1991, he became a member of the Belarusian Union of Journalists. Since then, hundreds of works by the scientist have been published in many Belarusian newspapers and magazines. In 2005 and 2006 he was a laureate of competitions of this union. He was one of the founders of the Association of Political Sciences and the Belarusian Society of Political Scientists [42] .

In addition, Ioffe was at different times an academician of the International Academy for the Study of National Minorities, a member of the Research Council of Consultants of the American Biographical Institute for the Awarding of the title "Person of the Year" (2001-2002), an expert on national relations of the Belarusian section of the International Society for Human Rights , and a member of the republican historical board Society and Foundation “Trostenets”, a member of the editorial board of the journal “Bulletin of the Brest State Technical University”, the editorial board the urns “Belaruskaya Minushshyna” and “Narodnaya Asvet”.

Rewards

He was awarded the certificate of honor of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of Kazakhstan, the medal "For military valor. In commemoration of the centenary of V. I. Lenin ”, the badge“ Excellence in Education of the Republic of Belarus ”, diplomas and certificates of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the USSR, rector of Moscow State School named after A. M. Gorky and BSPU them. M. Tanka [10] .

Family

The wife of Emanuel Ioffe - Eleanor Isaakovna Livshits - was born in 1945 in Minsk in a family of teachers. Her father was the head of the department of foreign languages ​​at the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR, and her mother was a teacher of geography. Eleanor herself graduated from the Minsk Radio Engineering Institute and worked as a senior engineer at the Institute of Technical Cybernetics of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR. In the 2000s, she worked as a curator in the Jewish charity Hesed-Rahamim [45] .

The elder brother of Emanuel Grigorievich Saul graduated from the Leningrad Mining Institute , worked for many years in the field of geology, has awards [46] . As of October 2010, he lives in Minsk and works as a director of the Museum of Road Facilities of the Republic of Belarus. The younger brother Naum graduated from the Minsk Industrial College , worked at a factory in Minsk, a pensioner [45] .

Emanuel Joffe has two daughters - Jeanne, born in 1968. and Galina born in 1975. Both graduated from BSPU. Gorky . Zhanna, after defending her Ph.D. thesis in biology, works as an assistant professor at the Department of Botany and Fundamentals of Agriculture of the Belarusian State Pedagogical University, is married and has three daughters. Galina in 1997 married and left for the USA , where she lives in the state of New Jersey and is engaged in raising three children. In total, Emanuel Joffe has six grandchildren [45] .

Main publications

  • V. I. Pitcheta as a historian of the socio-economic development of Belarus in the era of feudalism (XV — XVII centuries). Abstract of dissertation for the degree of candidate of historical sciences. - Mn. , 1974, 21 p .;
  • Go out to the pavag yes of the law. - Mn. 1978, 120 p .;
  • Academician V.I. Pitcheta. Pages of life. - Mn. 1981 (in co-authorship with Kopysky, Gritskevich, Chepko, etc.);
  • Berezino. Historical and economic essay. - Mn. 1986, 80 p.
  • The educational-methodical manual for the course "Historiography of the History of the USSR". - Mn. 1986;
  • Soviet military leaders on the Belarusian land. Guide to places of life and activity. - Mn. : Polymya, 1988 .-- 239 p. - ISBN 5-345-00006-9 .
  • The role of legal education of children in the context of a fundamental restructuring of the socio-economic development of Soviet society. - Mn. , 1989, 16 p. (in co-authorship with L.R. Kravchenko);
  • From the history of the Belarusian village (Soviet historiography of the socio-economic development of the Belarusian village in the middle of the XVII - the first half of the XIX century). - Mn. , 1990, 248 p .;
  • Fundamentals of Political Science. Teaching aid. - Mn. , 1991, 122 p. (et al.);
  • Asnovy palіtalogіі. Vuchebny dapamozhnіk. Part 1. - Mn. 1992, 125 p. (et al.);
  • Palіtynnaya system of the Republic of Belarus. Vuchebny dapamozhnіk pa special course. - Mn. 1995, 52 p. (et al.);
  • Kantseptsyya natsyyanalna-kulturnaga razvitstsa natsyyanalny menchastsy Belarusi. - Mn. , 1996, 35 p. (et al.);
  • Pages of the History of the Jews of Belarus: A Brief Popular Science Essay. - Mn. : Arti-Fex, 1996 .-- 294 p. - ISBN 985-6119-04-9 .
  • Asnovy palіtalogіі. Vuchebny dapamozhnіk. Part 3. - Mn. 1996, 142 p. (et al.);
  • Karotka tlumachalnye palynik palіtychnyh termіnaў. - Mn. , 1997, 53 p. (et al.);
  • Jews: According to the pages of history / et al. with S. M. Asinovsky. - Mn. : Zavigar, 1997 .-- 320 p.
  • Palitalogy. Вучэбны дапаможнік у 2 частках. Ч.1. - Mn. , 1997, 151 с. (в соавт.);
  • Паліталогія. Вучэбны дапаможнік у 2 частках. Ч.2. - Mn. , 1997, 155 с. (в соавт.);
  • Прошлое и настоящее евреев Беларуси. Сборник статей. — М. , 1998, 64 с.;
  • Мудрые еврейские сказки. - Mn. , 1999, 272 с. (сост. совм. с Г. Л. Релесом);
  • Джойнт в Беларуси. - Mn. , 1999, 94 с. (в соавт. с Б. А. Мельцером);
  • Социология. Учебно-методическое пособие. - Mn. , 2000, 63 с.;
  • Социология молодёжи. Материалы к спецкурсу. - Mn. , 2000, 31 с.;
  • Политическая культура и права молодёжи. Учебное пособие по спецкурсу. - Mn. , 2000, 37 с.;
  • Иностранные евреи в Тростенецком лагере смерти. - Mn. , 2000, 19 с.;
  • Лэхаим. Из еврейского фольклора. - Mn. , 2000, 383 с. (сост. совм. с Г. Л. Релесом);
  • Белорусские евреи в Израиле. Библиографический справочник. - Mn. : Ковчег, 2000. — 208 с. — ISBN 985-6056-40-3 . ;
  • По достоверным источникам. Евреи в истории городов Беларуси. - Mn. : Четыре четверти, 2001. — 352 с.
  • История евреев Беларуси. Программа спецкурса. - Mn. , 2002, 24 с.;
  • Холокост в Беларуси. Документы и материалы / сост., в соавт. с Г. Кнатько и В. Селеменовым. - Mn. : НАРБ , 2002. — 276 с. - 1000 copies. — ISBN 9856372240 .
  • Социология. Учебное пособие для студентов педагогических и гуманитарных специальностей высших учебных заведений. - Mn. , 2002, 322 с. (в соавт.);
  • Социология. Практикум. - Mn. , 2000, 66 с. (автор-сост. совм. с В. А. Зенченко и Л. М. Ракитской);
  • История Беларуси XVIII-XX вв. Учебно-методическое пособие. - Mn. : БГУ , 2003. — 80 с. — 100 экз. — ISBN 985-445-828-8 .
  • Белорусские евреи: трагедия и героизм: 1941—1945. Монография. - Mn. , 2003. — 428 с. — 100 экз.
  • Социальный статус студенческой молодёжи Беларуси в условиях трансформируемого общества. Учебно-методическое пособие — Мн. , 2006, 31 с. (в соавт. с Г. И. Степановым);
  • Абвер, полиция безопасности и СД, тайная полевая полиция, отдел «Иностранные армии — Восток» в западных областях СССР. Стратегия и тактика. 1939-1945. — М. : АСТ , 2007. — 384 с. - 3000 copies. — ISBN 978-985-16-3241-7 .
  • От Мясникова до Малофеева. Кто руководил БССР. - Mn. : Беларусь, 2008. — 287 с. - 2000 copies. — ISBN 978-985-01-0803-6 .
  • Нобелевские лауреаты с белорусскими корнями / в соавт. с Ж. Э. Мазец. - Mn. : Беларусь, 2008. — 159 с. - 2000 copies. — ISBN 978-985-01-0755-8 .
  • Высшее партизанское командование Белоруссии, 1941—1944: справочник / в соавт. - Mn. : Харвест, 2009. — 270 с. — ISBN 978-985-01-0836-4 .
  • Когда и зачем Гитлер и другие высшие чины нацистской Германии приезжали в СССР? - Mn. : Харвест, 2010. — 511 с. - 3000 copies. — ISBN 978-985-16-8262-7 .

Bibliography

  • Иоффе Э.Г. По достоверным источникам: Евреи в истории городов Беларуси. - Mn. : Изд-во «Четыре четверти», 2001. — 352 с.
  • Сцяг Леніна. — 1994. — 9 лютага;
  • Беларускі гістарычны часопіс. — 1996. — № 1. — С. 43;
  • Энцыклапедыя гісторыі Беларусь — Т. 3. — Мн., 1996. — С. 503;
  • Беларуская Энцыклапедыя. — Т. 7. — Мн., 1998. — С. 299;
  • Вестник (США). — 1999. -№ 4. — С. 22-25;
  • Сцяг Леніна — 1999. — 20 сакавіка — С. 2;
  • Настаўнік (БДПУ імя М. Танка) — 1999. — сакавік;
  • Кто есть кто. Деловой мир СНГ. Vol. 2. — Мн., 2002. -С. 152;
  • Настаўнік — 2004. — сакавік.
  • Роднае слова. — 2005. — № 1. — С. 98;
  • Кто есть кто в Республике Беларусь. К 60-летию победы в Великой Отечественной войне. — Т. 2. — Мн., 2005. — С. 138;
  • Полымя. — 2005. — № 5. — С. 138;
  • Вялікае княства Літоўскае: Энцыклапедыя. — Т. 1. — Мн., 2005. — С. 677—678;
  • Адукацыя і выхаванне. — 2005. — № 12. — С. 19;
  • Республика Беларусь. — Т. 3. — Мн., 2006. — С. 795.

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 Стрелец, 2009 , с. 36—76.
  2. ↑ 1 2 Профессор Эммануил Иоффе: из-за своей объективности диссертация Сергея Тукало по истории Минского гетто не утверждена президиумом ВАК (неопр.) . Открытый контакт (22 января 2011). Дата обращения 24 марта 2011. Архивировано 20 августа 2011 года.
  3. ↑ 1 2 Козак К. И. Иностранные евреи в Беларуси: историографические формы и представления // Сост. Басин Я. З. Уроки Холокоста: история и современность : Сборник научных работ. - Mn. : Ковчег, 2010. — Вып. 3 . — С. 225-233 . — ISBN 9789856950059 .
  4. ↑ Об авторе // Беларуская думка : журнал. — БелТА , июнь 2008. — Вып. 6 . - S. 93 .
  5. ↑ Этот день в истории 20 марта (неопр.) . Беларусь сегодня (20.03.2009). Дата обращения 24 марта 2011.
  6. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 8—9.
  7. ↑ Химичев И. А. В борьбе и тревоге / Лит. запись В. Лаврова.. — Мн. : Беларусь, 1977. — 143 с. - 50,000 copies.
  8. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 9-10.
  9. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 10-11.
  10. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Карзенка Г. У. Ад вясковага настаўніка да прафесара (белор.) // Весці БДПУ : часопіс. — 2009. — Т. 2 , вып. 1 (29) . — С. 104—105 . (inaccessible link)
  11. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 13—14.
  12. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. fifteen.
  13. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 16—17, 35.
  14. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 17—21.
  15. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 29—31.
  16. ↑ 1 2 3 Стрелец, 2009 , с. 31.
  17. ↑ Глубина осведомленности и знаний (неопр.) . Национальная Библиотека Беларуси (19 марта 2009). Дата обращения 12 марта 2011. Архивировано 17 июля 2012 года.
  18. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 11.
  19. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 17.
  20. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 19—20.
  21. ↑ Федорасова В. Г. У деревни тоже есть своя история — «Коммунист Белоруссии», 1991, с. 94
  22. ↑ Смілавицкі Л. Л. Яшчэ аб вёсцы (белор.) // Чырвоная змена : газета. - Mn. , 22-28 ліпеня 1991. — С. 7 .
  23. ↑ Польскі С. А., Кабяк С. У. Прадмет вывучэння — беларуская вёска (белор.) // Весці АН БССР : бюлютэнь. - Mn. : АН БССР, 1991. — Вып. 6 . — С. 120 .
  24. ↑ 07.00.02 — отечественная история (неопр.) (недоступная ссылка) . Дата обращения 13 июня 2010. Архивировано 30 ноября 2010 года.
  25. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 29.
  26. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 29—30.
  27. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. thirty.
  28. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 36—37.
  29. ↑ Баторын Ф. Развейванне міфаў (белор.) // Літаратура и мастацтва. — 7 лютага 1997.
  30. ↑ Мазец В. Кніга пра беларускіх гебраяў (белор.) // Спадчына. — 1997. — Вып. 1 . — С. 235—237 .
  31. ↑ Tomaszewski J. Biuletyn Zydowskego Inst. Hist. 1999 № 4, s 108—111
  32. ↑ Иссаковский В. Правда о Джойнте. Архивные материалы рассказывают… «Авив» № 1, январь-февраль 200, с. 9
  33. ↑ Космач Г. Гуртуючы нацию. Полымя, 2001 с. 318—320
  34. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 46—52.
  35. ↑ Савицкий Э. Пепел стучит в сердце. Беларуская думка, 2003, № 8
  36. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 52—56.
  37. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 57.
  38. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 57—75.
  39. ↑ 1 2 Стрелец, 2009 , с. 33.
  40. ↑ По специальности 07.00.09 — «Историография, источниковедение и методы исторического исследования»
  41. ↑ 1 2 Стрелец, 2009 , с. 34.
  42. ↑ 1 2 Стрелец, 2009 , с. 32.
  43. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 149.
  44. ↑ Стрелец, 2009 , с. 156—158.
  45. ↑ 1 2 3 Стрелец, 2009 , с. 35.
  46. ↑ Михаил Стрелец, Михаил Коршак. Саул Иоффе: Вехи жизни или штрихи биографии (неопр.) . souz.co.il (2 октября 2010). Дата обращения 15 апреля 2011.

Literature

  • Стрелец М. В., Птичкина С. А. Э. Г. Иоффе: портрет учёного и педагога. Научное издание. — Брест: Альтернатива, 2009. — 160 с. — 99 экз. — ISBN 9789855210451 .

Links

  • Э. Р. Іофэ (белор.) на сайте Березино .
  • Карзенка Г. У. Ад вясковага настаўніка да прафесара (белор.) // Весці БДПУ : часопіс. — 2009. — Т. 2 , вып. 1 (29) . — С. 104—105 . (inaccessible link)
  • Список статей Эммануила Иоффе в журнале «Белорусская мысль» ( белор. Беларуская думка )
  • Кто не пустил Эйнштейна в Минск — интервью газете «Новости недели».
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Иоффе,_Эммануил_Григорьевич&oldid=102287043


More articles:

  • RTEA
  • Easter
  • Zhukovsky, Vladimir Cheslavovich
  • Chikalov, Romuald Aleksandrovich
  • Gurko, Alexander Viktorovich
  • Nokia N85
  • Houston, Angelica
  • Newman, Kyle
  • Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championship - 800 meters freestyle (women)
  • Swimming at the 2007 World Aquatics Championship - 50 meters breaststroke (women)

All articles

Clever Geek | 2019