Lev Nikolayevich Gartman ( German: Hartmann ; 1850 , Arkhangelsk province - 1908 , New York ) - Russian revolutionary populist, foreign representative of the Narodnaya Volya party.
| Lev Nikolaevich Hartman | |
|---|---|
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| Aliases | N. S. Sukhorukov, Troitsky, Alchemist |
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
| Citizenship | |
| Occupation | |
| Education | Arkhangelsk Provincial Gymnasium |
| The consignment | Earth and will ; People's will |
Content
Biography
Born in the family of a German colonist who moved to the Arkhangelsk province; belonged to the philistine estate [2] [3] . He studied at the Arkhangelsk Provincial Gymnasium (did not finish the course) [3] . From 1866 he lived in St. Petersburg , from 1872 - in Taganrog , where he taught at the mining school, and in Rostov-on-Don (worked as an attorney for the Public Bank, served in the Mining Administration) [3] .
In 1876 he joined the organization “ Land and Freedom ”, participated in the revolutionary movement in the south of Russia [2] : he was the owner of a conspiratorial apartment “commune” in Rostov-on-Don, in the spring he went to the illegal position, conducted revolutionary propaganda among the workers of Crimea and Kuban [3] . In October 1876 he was arrested, held in Yekaterinodar prison, at the end of 1877 he was released on bail and soon fled [3] .
In 1878-1879 he lived in Saratov (village of Pokrovskoye, Novouzensk district , 20.7.1878 - 20.1.1879, under the name of N. S. Likhachev) and Tambovskoy (village of Ivanovo, Tambov district , from spring 1879 to 14.7.1879, under the name V. Troitsky) communes of the landlords [2] [3] [4] . After the split of “Land and Freedom”, he participated in the work of the “ Black Redistribution ” organization, then moved on to the People’s Volunteers [2] .
In 1879 he participated in the preparation of the attempt on the emperor Alexander II : in August 1879 he worked in a dynamite workshop in St. Petersburg ; in September (under the name of N. S. Sukhorukov) he bought a house in Moscow behind the Rogozh outpost, from where a digging was carried out under the canvas of the Moscow-Kursk Railway [2] [3] . After failure with the explosion of the Tsar’s train (11/19/1879) he left for Petersburg, from where in December of that year, with the assistance of V. I. Jokhelson, he fled abroad [2] [4] .
He was tracked down by the security department in France and, at the request of the Russian government, was arrested in Paris on January 22, 1880 by the French police [2] [5] . The People’s Will Executive Committee launched a campaign to liberate L. N. Hartmann: letters were sent to French President J. Grevy and Parliament Speaker L. Gambetta , left-wing French newspapers published an appeal to the “French people from the Executive Committee of the Russian Revolutionary Party” [5] . S. M. Kravchinsky , P. L. Lavrov , G. V. Plekhanov , J. Garibaldi , and also Victor Hugo , who sent a letter to the French government [3] [5], joined the campaign for the release of L. N. Hartmann. L. N. Hartmann was soon released, on March 7, 1880 he was expelled from France [3] [5] . He lived in London , from October 1880 he was a foreign representative of the "People’s Will" [2] [3] . Communicated with Russian and Polish emigrants, met with K. Marx and F. Engels [2] [3] .
Since 1881 he lived in the USA [2] , where he was practically not engaged in revolutionary activities, but maintained contacts with Russian emigrants, in particular, V.L. Burtsev [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Gartman Lev Nikolaevich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TSB, 1971 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A. Voronikhin .
- ↑ 1 2 Family stories .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Ivashchenko, 1995 .
Literature
- Hartman Lev Nikolaevich // Gazlift - Gogolevo. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1971. - (The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. Ed. A. M. Prokhorov ; 1969-1978, vol. 6).
- Figures of the revolutionary movement in Russia: Bibliographic dictionary. - M., 1934. - T. 3, Iss. 2.
- Ivashchenko V. I. Chapter 10: A suitcase with dynamite // Nikolai Kibalchich: [Scientist, revolutionary]: Ist.-biogr. docum. story. - M .: Aslan, 1995 .-- 288 p. - (The life of interesting people). - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-87793-120-2 .
- Victor Hugo's open letter to the French government on the non-extradition of L. N. Hartmann // Past. - 1907. - No. 1.
- Correspondence of K. Marx and F. Engels with Russian political figures / Institute of Marx-Engels-Lenin at the Central Committee of the CPSU (B.). - 2nd ed., [Add. and rev. - M.]: State. publishing house watered. lit., 1951. - 376 p.
- Sidorov N. A. Lev Nikolaevich Hartman: [Essay on life and activity]. - M .: Publishing house of political prisoners, 1930 .-- 41 p. - (On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Narodnaya Volya party / All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers)
Links
- Hartman Lev Nikolaevich . Chronos. Date of appeal May 16, 2016.
- Voronikhin A. Gartman Lev Nikolaevich . The Germans of Russia. Date of appeal May 16, 2016.
- Hartman Lev Nikolaevich (1850-1908) . Family stories. Date of appeal May 16, 2016.