Egorlykskaya

Before the revolution

At the end of the 18th century, Russia became close to Georgia and Armenia , which were on the verge of enslavement by the Asian conquerors. In 1783, a serious treaty was concluded between Russia and Georgia on the "permanent stay in Tiflis of two battalions of Russian troops with four guns." With the increase in the number of troops with the change of personnel, supply, great difficulties arose, since there were no settlements on the way from Bataysk to the village of Sredny Yegorlyk . By the decision of the tsarist government and at the request of the chieftain M.I. Platov , four Zadonskaya villages were created along the tract to the Caucasus - Zlodeiskaya , Kagalnitskaya , Mechetinsky and Egorlykskaya. Residents of those stanitsa Donskoy troops who especially needed free land were resettled there.

This relocation was forced, by lot. The first inhabitants of the village of Yegorlykskaya were peasants from Chernihiv , Yekaterinoslav and other provinces. After 10 years, about 75 Cossack families from Lugansk, Nizhne-Chirskaya , Kalachinskaya, Berezovskaya, Migulinskaya, Khazovskaya stanitsa, Provalskaya settlement were relocated to a habitable and equipped place. By that time, peasants were transferred to the category of assigned Cossacks. Don Cossacks and the registered Cossacks were mostly needed as mentors to the newly formed Cossacks in instilling a Cossack way of life. The first dugouts began to be built in the spring of 1809 on both sides of the Sredny Yegorlyk river.

In 1811, a wooden church without a bell tower was built in the village, and in 1827 a church was built on a stone foundation with a bell tower. The first educational institution was opened in 1865 - the male parish school. Wooden houses gradually appeared, so in 1822 there were 142 of them.

The population of the village was mainly engaged in cultivation and cattle breeding. They sowed rye, wheat, oats, barley, millet, buckwheat. Arable land was 50,178 acres. According to the census of 1897, there were 1315 courtyards and 8000 inhabitants in the village. By this time, in each yard, on average, there were 3 horses, a pair of oxen, two cows and more than two dozen sheep. Also in the village there were 8 shops, 1 church, 10 drinking establishments, 3 forges, 27 mills, 1 brick factory.

The swiftness of the events of the second half of the 19th century required more reliable and efficient means of communication. Therefore, the War Department decided to build a telegraph line along the entire tract. In 1888, the telegraph office was opened in the village of Yegorlykskaya, it was placed in the postal house, and the former ranger Ordinatov headed the postal and telegraph office. The telegraph instructor Sychev was sent from Rostov.

The growth of the economy in Russia required an improvement in transport links with the Zadonsk villages. In 1911, the construction of the railway began, which, according to the project, was supposed to take place 20 km north of Yegorlykskaya. Having learned about this, the Yegorlyites turned to a member of the State Duma, the chief of the village, the cadre, Ivan Kadatsky, who advised him to collect the Cossack circle and accept the petition to His Imperial Majesty on it. With this petition, Ataman Kadatsky went to Petersburg and brought the Government’s decision to change the route of the railway, it passed near the village. The Cossacks decided to name the Ataman railway station, in honor of the chieftain Kadatsky. By 1916, the Bataysk-Torgovaya (Salsk) railway line was already operational.

Yegorlykskaya village in 1917-1941

Gradually the beautification of the village continued. Starting in 1925, street naming and house numbering were introduced, tree planting was organized. In 1925, two elementary schools, a club, four reading huts, a library were already operating.

The years 1920-1924 were barren, the civil war had an extremely negative impact on the village households, and many homeless people who remained without parents and guardianship of children appeared. The created Yegorlyksky orphanage had 59 pupils aged 3 to 17 years. But he could not accommodate half of the street children. In the 1920s, very often the peasants united to jointly thresh the grain and other agricultural work.

In 1924, a large agricultural credit partnership was organized, two years later there were 430 people (chairman Yatsenko Alexander Tikhonovich).

In December 1929, a large collective farm was formed in the village, it was given the name "12 years of October." This collective farm included 1679 households and 6940 inhabitants. To help the newly formed collective farms, machine and tractor stations began to be created in the late 1920s. They began by servicing collective farms with machinery. In 1930, the Yegorlyksky state farm was created from a huge grain farm “Giant”. However, this farm was too large, and for the purpose of operational management, a plane was allocated to the director. In 1934, the Yegorlyksky state farm was divided into three farms: Yegorlyksky, Rogovsky, and the name of Lunacharsky. It is known that in 1928 the only Voikov commune was created in the district in the Dudukalovsky village council.

From February 1935, the newspaper Leninsky Put appeared, and from February 22, 1963, the newspaper Zarya.

Egorlykskaya during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945

From the end of July 1942 to January 25, 1943, the area was temporarily occupied by Nazi forces. In the battles for the liberation of Art. Egorlyksky and settlements of the region involved military units and units of the horse-mechanized group, which included the 2nd, 52nd, 140th tank brigades, 221st and 134th tank regiments, 4th and 5th Guards cavalry corps. Egorlykskaya was liberated on January 25, 1943, by the 134th Separate Guards Tank Regiment under the command of Colonel S. A. Tikhonchuk.

The assault on the enemy fortifications began on January 23 at 23.00. During this assault and battles in the next 2 days, the death of the heroes was 25 tank soldiers, Major Belozyertsev Boris Fedorovich, chief of staff of the regiment Major Kochetkov Dmitry Alexandrovich. Despite the numerical superiority of the Nazi troops, Soviet tankmen managed not only to survive, but also to defeat the enemy. By the end of the day on January 25, the village of Yegorlykskaya was released.

Near the district House of Culture, on the street. Gritsik, there is a memorial dedicated to the memory of soldiers who died in the battles for the liberation of the village of Yegorlykskaya.

The village is located in the south of the Rostov region within the Don-Egorlyksky plain , in the upper reaches of the Yegorlychek river (the right tributary of the Kugo-Ei ). The average height above sea level is 90 m ^[1] . The terrain is flat. The Yegorlychyok River divides Yegorlykskaya into two unequal parts. Most of the village is located on the right bank of the river. There are ponds on the Yegorlychyok river ^[4] .

By road, the distance to the city of Rostov-on-Don is 110 km, to the nearest city of Zernograd - 46 km ^[5] . From the southeast, the P217 federal highway bypasses the village. " Caucasus ".

Climate

According to the Köppen-Geiger classification of climates, the Yegorlykskaya village is located, like the city of Salsk, in a zone of humid continental climate with moderately cold winters and hot summers (Dfa index). The average annual temperature is 10.1 C, the average annual rainfall is 557 mm ^[6] .

According to the first general census of the population of Russia in 1897, in the village of Yegorlykskaya there were: “862 yards, 2545 husband men. and 2609 women. Of those literate - 802 husband. and 214 women., including those with an education: secondary 4 husband. and 5 wives., the highest 1 husband. "

In 1915, the village was: “1217 yards, 4669 husband population. and 4320 women. "

According to the 1970 census , 12,068 people lived in the village of Yegorlykskaya, of which 5,370 were men and 6,698 women. ^[12]

According to the 1979 census , 13,660 residents lived in the village of Yegorlykskaya, of which 6,110 were men and 7,550 women. ^[13]

According to the 2002 census , 18.005 people lived in the village of Yegorlykskaya, of which 47.2% (8.494 people) were men, 52.8% (9.511 people) were women.

Education

In the village of Yegorlykskaya there is:

- 3 secondary educational institutions (secondary school No. 1, secondary school No. 7 named after O. Kazansky, secondary school No. 11),

- 9 kindergartens (kindergartens),

- children and youth sports school,

- children's art school.

Culture and sport

- Egorlyksky district House of Culture,

- Central District Library,

- Yegorlyksky Museum of Local History ,

- The stadium.

Health

- MBUZ "Central district hospital of the Egorlyksky district", which has a hospital, outpatient department and emergency department,

- Egorlyksky branch of GBU RO "Psychoneurological dispensary."

• The memorial dedicated to the tank soldiers of the 134th and 221st tank regiments, the participants in the battles during the Great Patriotic War under the command of Colonel S. A. Tikhonchuk.
• Yegorlyk Museum of History and Local Lore.
• The worship cross at the entrance to the station. Yegorlykskaya with the inscription: “In a honey-bearing battle, they put their stomach. Yes, it will not happen again. "
• Monument to the Don Cossacks in the village of Yegorlykskaya. The monument was built in 2006 (sculptor S.P. Kalchenko) at the expense of the Cossacks of the Great Don Army. Under the cross, verses are written dedicated to the Don Cossacks who died during the Civil War: “When the fate divided the Cossacks in this place, they reconciled their mass grave over the years. Today, a cross has been erected here - God's truth is power in it. Peace be upon the army of the Donets - their offspring have not been forgotten. ”
• Monument to V.I. Lenin in the village of Yegorlykskaya.
• Monument to the Heroes of the Civil War on the street. K. Voroshilova in the village of Yegorlykskaya (1954). Sculptors A. Dzhalaukhyan and R. Sheker. The monument is a figure of a Red Army man in a konarmeysky overcoat and a budenovka, sheathed a saber. In the village of Yegorlykskaya in 1920, there were fights of a civil war under the name "Battle of Yegorlyks."
• Park-museum of labor and military glory of the Egorlyksky district with objects of Cossack life, the interior of the village house, a stand dedicated to the native of Art. Egorlykskaya - to the designer of small arms Tokarev Fedor Vasilyevich . Tokarev F.V. invented the TT pistol, the SVT self-loading rifle, and No. PA 5903 sniper rifle.
• Monument to civilians who died under the bombing of the Ataman railway station in 1942 (2011) ^[14] . In 1942, the train was bombed, in which there were refugees and a medical department. The dead were buried in a common grave on which an obelisk was erected. At the place of the obelisk, a monument is currently erected with the inscription: "They were not soldiers, but the war took their lives."
• Monument to the heroes of the helicopter. In the hot spots (Afghanistan, Abkhazia, Chechnya), the 325th separate transport and combat helicopter regiment took part, which was then based at the airport near Yegorlykskaya.
• Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (1906-1936).

Cultural monuments of regional importance in Yegorlykskaya include a monument in honor of the defeat of the White Guards under the village of Yegorlykskaya (sculptor E.F. Lobko, architect Ya. S. Zanis, 1975).

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  Monument to the tankmen in the station of Egorlykskaya

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  Station of Ataman station (Yegorlykskaya village)

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  The building of the Temple in Yegorlykskaya

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  St. Yegorlykskaya, old photo of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (destroyed in 1936)

• Brilev, Timofey Efimovich - Hero of the Soviet Union .
• Gretsky, Vladimir Ivanovich - Hero of the Soviet Union ^[15] , an honorary citizen of the village, a street is named after him.
• Dubinets, Andrei Petrovich - Hero of the Soviet Union ^[16] .
• Tokarev, Fedor Vasilyevich - small arms designer, Hero of Socialist Labor .

• The village of Yegorlykskaya: a history based on archival data // Donskoy Temnik / Donskoy State Public Library. Rostov-on-Don, 1993—2014
• Egorlykskaya (village)