Anomalies of the biliary system are very diverse: from the absence of any of its components (for example, atresia of the biliary tract ) to doubling. Anomalies of the intrahepatic bile ducts are observed in 1 in 70,000 newborns, and extrahepatic - in 1 in 10,000.
Classification
Anomalies of the gallbladder
- Agenesis: absence of gallbladder (absence of fetal bookmark)
- Aplasia, hypoplasia: underdevelopment of the gallbladder in its correct position
- Form Anomalies:
- doubling (complete doubling with one common or two independent bile ducts)
- dicotyledon gall bladder
- multi-chamber gall bladder
- gall bladder with constrictions
- gall bladder with excesses
- Anomalies of position:
- left-side location
- intrahepatic location
- retroperitoneal location
- location in the crescent ligament
- Fixation Anomalies - Moving Gallbladder
- Heterotopia:
- gastric mucosa
- duodenal mucosa
- pancreatic tissue
Anomalies of the bile ducts
- Atresia of the biliary tract
- Stenoses
- Additional ducts
- true
- false
- Cyst of the common bile duct
In everyday life, the doctor most often meets with excesses and constrictions of the gallbladder, which, in some cases, may not have any clinical significance, but in others be the cause of the impaired passage of bile.
The clinical manifestations of the anomalies are associated with the disorders of the passage of bile that they cause.
Diagnosis is carried out using visualizing research methods:
- X-ray (cholecystography)
- Ultrasound (Ultrasound)
- Magnetic resonance imaging cholangiography
Treatment for anomalies is determined by the degree of violation of the passage of bile and its consequences: in extreme cases, surgery.
Sources
1.S.V. Belmer, T.V. Gasilina, E.E. Levina - Diseases of the biliary system, M., 2006
2. W. Leishner - A Practical Guide to Biliary Diseases, M., 2001