Yuzhno-Kurilsk (until 1946 - Furukamappu , Ain. Furukamappu , Jap. 古 - 布 ) is an urban-type settlement located on the island of Kunashir (in the south of the Kuril Islands ), on the shore of the South Kuril Strait . The administrative center of the South Kuril urban district of the Sakhalin region of Russia .
| Settlement | |||||
| Yuzhno-Kurilsk | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ain. Furukamappu | |||||
 | |||||
| |||||
| A country | Russia [1] | ||||
| Subject of the federation | Sakhalin Oblast | ||||
| City district | South Kuril | ||||
| History and Geography | |||||
| Based | 1946 | ||||
| First mention | 1646 | ||||
| Former names | until 1946 - Furukamappu | ||||
| PGT with | 1945 | ||||
| Square | 1856.09 km² | ||||
| Climate type | moderately monsoon | ||||
| Timezone | UTC + 11 | ||||
| Population | |||||
| Population | ↗ 7863 [2] people ( 2019 ) | ||||
| Density | 5.88 people / km² | ||||
| Nationalities | Russians, Ukrainians | ||||
| Katoykonim | South Kurilians South Kuril south smoker | ||||
| Digital identifiers | |||||
| Telephone code | +7 42455 | ||||
| Postcode | 694500 | ||||
| Car code | 65 | ||||
| Other | |||||
| Day of the city | June 5th | ||||
| yuzhnokurilsk.ru | |||||
The population is 7863 [2] people. (2019).
Content
History
Mastering Kunashir
The history of the village is connected with the history of the Kuril Islands as a whole. In Russia, the Kuril Islands became known for the first time after the campaigns of Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitin and his comrades-in-arms, after which Nekhoroshko Ivanovich Kolobov in 1646 spoke about the Ainu - local residents of the Kuril Islands, as well as the campaign of Vladimir Vasilievich Atlasov in 1697. After that, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Hokkaido are mastered jointly Russian and Japanese. Towards the end of the 18th century, Russian settlements from exiles and volunteers appeared on the Kuril Islands. Also, along with the settlements of the Ainu ("shaggy"), Japanese trading posts and fortified points with military garrisons were founded. In 1769, the centurion Ivan the Black received the news that the Japanese were living in Kunashir , where they have a distant city with a fortress and a permanent garrison.
Ainu settlement
Weakened by the Crimean War , in 1855 Russia signed the Shimodsk treaty and gave Japan part of the South Kuril Islands, including the island of Kunashir. The predecessor of Yuzhno-Kurilsk - the Ainu village of Furukamappu, which means “place of trade, exchange” in Ainu — was located in the northeast corner of the bay of the same name. In the village, along with the villages of Okinokotan and Isoyanbets adjacent to it, there were 50 houses. There was a telegraph mail and shops. During the Japanese administration (1855-1945), other settlements were founded on the island.
Village Foundation
Kunashir was occupied by Soviet troops on September 1, 1945 as a result of the Kuril landing operation . A company of machine-gun battalion of the 113th Infantry Brigade of the 87th Infantry Corps of the 2nd Far Eastern Front landed near Furukamappu, and the Japanese battalion commander was waiting for them with a white flag on the shore: the garrison stationed there surrendered without a fight. On February 2, 1946, the island was included in the Yuzhno-Sakhalin (now Sakhalin) region of the USSR , a Russian village was founded, whose name - Yuzhno-Kurilsk - was given by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of June 5, 1946. Of the 113th Infantry Brigade on the island, the first apparatus of the South Kuril City Executive Committee and all civil services was completed. The first chairman of the district executive committee was the commander of the artillery battalion’s commander, Captain Babukhadiya. After the liberation [3] , active construction unfolded by the forces of the Soviet military and Japanese prisoners of war, which were held in Kunashir in a separate camp. The Japanese were fed the same ration as the Soviet soldiers. The prisoners wore their uniforms with insignia, were divided into platoons and companies with their commanders at the head, marched, strictly observed discipline and order in accordance with the statutes of the Japanese army (if this did not harm the Soviet side).
By decision of the Soviet government, the entire Japanese population in the summer of 1947 was resettled from the Kuril Islands to Japan, in Hokkaido. By that time, many migrants and seasonal workers from different regions of the Soviet Union arrived in the Kuril Islands. The fisheries of Kunashir and Shikotan began to increase their production and increase returns.
After the tsunami of 1953, Yuzhno-Kurilsk and many communal facilities were rebuilt at a level about 30 meters above the former and were called the “new district”. After the 1994 earthquake in the open sea east of Hokkaido and caused huge damage to new buildings, residential and other houses were again built in a new place.
Modernity
After a period of uncertainty and decline in the 1990s, largely due to talk of the transfer of the southern Kuril Islands to Japan, Yuzhno-Kurilsk is gradually starting to come to life. The Kuril Islands Federal Development Program [4] involves significant investment in the airport, roads and other facilities on the island.
On November 1, 2010, President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev arrived in Yuzhno-Kurilsk for the first time. The visit was dedicated to the socio-economic development of the islands . The head of state visited the South Kuril fish factory, the wharf complex under construction in the water area of Yuzhnokurilskaya Bay and a kindergarten for 110 children for the needs of Yuzhno-Kurilsk, as well as a working geothermal station on the outskirts of the village and a number of other facilities in Kunashir , and promised to invest in this region of the country and improve living conditions and the demographic situation on the islands [5] [6] .
On September 11, 2011, Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation Nikolai Patrushev held a meeting in Yuzhno-Kurilsk with the leadership of the Sakhalin Region , where they discussed issues of ensuring regional security, the progress of construction of civil and border infrastructure facilities, considered security issues during the construction and operation of the port berth complex in Yuzhno-Kurilsk and reconstruction of Mendeleevo Airport [7] .
Physico-geographical characteristics
The South Kuril urban district belongs to the regions of the Far North . The municipality is located on the island of Kunashir of the Great Kuril ridge and the islands of the Lesser Kuril ridge . The region has preserved unspoiled nature with unique representatives of flora and fauna, but poor infrastructure and the remoteness of the region from civilization impede the development of tourism . There are plans to attract tourists [8] .
The South Kuril urban district has, in the north, maritime borders with the Kuril urban district , and in the south it borders on Japan by sea. The village is located in a seismic hazardous area. The probability of strong earthquakes is high enough. Currently, construction is carried out using special technologies that allow buildings to withstand earthquakes up to 8 points on the MSK-64 scale .
Administrative device
Yuzhno-Kurilsk forms the South Kuril city district, which includes the village of Yuzhno-Kurilsk and the villages of Otrada , Dubovoye , Golovnino , Mendeleevo , Lagunnoye, Krabozavodskoye , Malokurilskoye . The territory of the okrug is 1856.09 km².
Time Zone
Yuzhno-Kurilsk, like the entire Sakhalin region, is located in the time zone designated by the international standard as the Middle Kolyma time [9] . The offset relative to UTC is +11: 00 (from October 26, 2014 to March 27, 2016 it was +10: 00). Regarding Moscow time, the time zone has a constant offset of +8 hours and is designated in Russia, respectively, as MSK + 8 .
Population
| Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1959 [10] | 1970 [11] | 1979 [12] | 1989 [13] | 2002 [14] | 2009 [15] | 2010 [16] |
| 3478 | ↘ 3214 | ↗ 4633 | ↗ 6344 | ↘ 5751 | ↗ 6465 | ↘ 5832 |
| 2011 [17] | 2012 [18] | 2013 [19] | 2014 [20] | 2015 [21] | 2016 [22] | 2017 [23] |
| ↗ 5869 | ↗ 6249 | ↗ 6579 | ↗ 7048 | ↗ 7196 | ↘ 7105 | ↗ 7518 |
| 2018 [24] | 2019 [2] | |||||
| ↗ 7777 | ↗ 7863 | |||||
The urban-type settlement Yuzhno-Kurilsk is the largest settlement on the Kuril Islands.
- National composition
According to the 2002 census, the permanent population of the village was 5,751 people, 80.3% of whom are Russians , 8.2% are Ukrainians , 1.2% are Tatars , 1.1% are Belarusians , 1.0% are Kazakhs , 8 , 2% - others [25] . There are also small diasporas of the peoples of the Caucasus [26] [27] .
Attractions
- Orthodox Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, built in 1999. Dismantled in 2011, a new temple was built in its place.
- The Orthodox Church in the name of All Saints, who shone in the Russian land, is located in the building of the former cinema.
- South Kuril District House of Culture
- South Kuril Central Regional Library named after A.K. Mandrik
- South Kuril Museum of Local Lore .
- Neolithic site of an ancient man on the left bank of the Alekhine River (2000 BC).
- Monument-obelisk in honor of the liberation of the island, which says: “In this area in September 1945 the landing of Soviet troops landed. “Historical justice has been restored: the original Russian lands - the Kuril Islands are freed from the Japanese militarists and forever reunited with their motherland, Russia.”
- The surroundings of the village and the whole region as a whole are known for their rich nature, volcanoes, lakes, thermal hot springs (Hot Beach, etc.) and other natural attractions.
- Fucking finger located in Otradnoye.
- Cape Stolbchaty, a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Industry
The village is mainly engaged in the extraction and processing of fish . There are medium-sized fish processing and fishing enterprises of PKF Yuzhno-Kurilsky Fish Plant LLC and Delta LLC, as well as several smaller enterprises: Tidal LLC, Sandy LLC, etc.
Yuzhno-Kurilskaya Energy CJSC and the Yuzhno-Kurilskie Electric Networks Municipal Unitary Enterprise are constructing and operating the Mendeleev GeoTPS with a capacity of 1.8 MW (up to 3.4 MW in the future), and the GTS-700 heat supply station (with a heat capacity of 17 Gcal / h or 20 MW). In the future, it is planned to completely transfer Yuzhno-Kurilsk to geothermal heat supply and abandon expensive deliveries of coal and diesel fuel .
OJSC “Kuril Mining and Geological Company”, located in Yuzhno-Kurilsk, is engaged in geological exploration and mining of precious metals at gold ore sites in the Sakhalin Region.
Transport
Regular flights on the flight Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Yuzhno-Kurilsk are carried out by Avrora Airlines to Mendeleevo Airport, located 15.5 km south-west of Yuzhno-Kurilsk. Flights are scheduled four times a week in winter and five times a week in summer by Bombardier Dash-8 aircraft. Flight duration - 1 h 20 min. Often, due to weather and technical conditions, flights are delayed or canceled.
Sea passenger and cargo flights between Sakhalin and Yuzhno-Kurilsk are carried out by Sakhalin-Kuriles on the ships Igor Farkhutdinov and Polaris. Passengers and cargo are handled at the pier, built in 2011 as part of the federal target program “Socio-economic development of the Kuril Islands (Sakhalin Oblast) for 2007-2015”. The commissioning of the new building of the marine station is planned in 2013. The Municipal Unitary Enterprise "South Kuril Docker" provides sea transport of passengers and goods between the islands of Kunashir and Shikotan on the ships "Nadezhda" and "Druzhba". Cargo communication with Vladivostok is supported by Quinta by the Burlak and Rice ships, once every ten days. Also, cargo delivery is carried out by the vessels of the Multifreight: Vladivostok-Sakhalin-Kuril line.
On January 12, 2016, for the first time in the history of the village and the island, public transport began its work: seven bus routes [28] . All of them are suburban and are serviced by PAZ buses owned by Garantiya LLC.
Communication
Five-digit city phone numbers. The main operator of landline telephony is the Sakhalin branch of OJSC Rostelecom. There are three WCDMA (3G) mobile operators in the city: MegaFon, MTS and Beeline.
Climate
The climate of Yuzhno-Kurilsk is monsoon. This is one of the least contrasting in annual temperature fluctuations settlement of Russia. Due to the influence of the Pacific Ocean, the warmest months are August and September, and July is only the third. At the same time, October is warmer than June. Winter is much milder than at the same latitudes on the mainland (but summer is noticeably cooler), the coldest month is February. From May comes the monsoon, which lasts until December with a peak in September.
Yuzhno-Kurilsk is equal to the Far North , although the average annual temperature is higher than some areas of Central Russia.
- The average annual temperature is +5.1 ° C.
- The average annual wind speed is 4.9 m / s.
- The average annual humidity is 82%.
| Climate of Yuzhno-Kurilsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicator | Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | June | July | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Absolute maximum, ° C | 8.5 | 9.3 | 11.9 | 20.9 | 26.2 | 29.0 | 30,4 | 30.5 | 27.8 | 22.4 | 18.2 | 14.8 | 30.5 |
| Average maximum, ° C | −1.6 | −2.4 | 0.3 | 4.9 | 8.7 | 11,4 | 14.8 | 18.3 | 17.5 | 13,4 | 7.6 | 1,5 | 7.9 |
| Average temperature, ° C | −4.2 | −5.3 | −2.4 | 1.7 | 5.2 | 8.6 | 12,4 | 15.9 | 15.1 | 10.8 | 4.7 | −1 | 5.1 |
| Average minimum ° C | −6.4 | −7.8 | −4.7 | −0.5 | 3.0 | 6.8 | 10.7 | 14.1 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 2.0 | −3.3 | 2.9 |
| Absolute minimum, ° C | −16.5 | −20.3 | −18 | −11.4 | −3.1 | 0.3 | 2,8 | 7.0 | 4.3 | −3.5 | −7.6 | −13.6 | −20.3 |
| Precipitation rate, mm | 61 | 38 | 74 | 85 | 128 | 104 | 145 | 146 | 172 | 121 | 107 | 72 | 1253 |
| Water temperature ° C | 0.1 | −1 | −0.4 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 7.8 | 11.7 | 15,5 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 6.7 |
| Source: Weather and Climate: Climate of Yuzhno-Kurilsk Climatebase.ru ESIMO | |||||||||||||
See also
Notes
- ↑ This village is located on the island of Kunashir . Kunashir is the subject of a territorial dispute between Russia , the ruling island, and Japan . In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the island is part of the territory of the Russian Federation , according to the administrative-territorial division of Japan - it is part of the Nemuro District of Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Estimation of the population in the context of municipalities as of 01.01.2019 and the average annual rate for 2018 . Territorial authority of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Sakhalin Region (April 22, 2019). Date of treatment April 25, 2019. Archived April 25, 2019.
- ↑ Yuzhno-Kurilsk . nation.geoman.ru. Date of treatment February 6, 2019.
- ↑ Federal target program "Socio-economic development of the Kuril Islands (Sakhalin Oblast) for 2007 - 2015" . FTP . Date of treatment February 6, 2019.
- ↑ Medvedev visited the South Kuril Islands and immediately “wounded the feelings” of the Japanese people . NEWSru.com (November 1, 2010). Date of treatment February 6, 2019.
- ↑ Medvedev in the Kuril Islands
- ↑ Japan is unhappy with Patrushev’s trip to the Kuril Islands . RIA Novosti (September 12, 2011). Date of treatment February 6, 2019.
- ↑ The South Kuril region of Sakhalin will be ready for mass tourist reception by 2010 . IA REGNUM. Date of treatment February 6, 2019.
- ↑ Federal Law of 03.06.2011 N 107-ФЗ (as amended on 03.03.2016) "On the calculation of time" Article 5. Time zones (June 3, 2011).
- ↑ 1959 All-Union Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census. The number of urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. . Demoscope Weekly. Date of treatment September 25, 2013. Archived on April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1989 All-Union Population Census. The urban population . Archived on August 22, 2011.
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Population Census. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regions, urban settlements, rural settlements - district centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more . Archived February 3, 2012.
- ↑ The number of permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and regions as of January 1, 2009 . Date of treatment January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- ↑ 2010 All-Russian Population Census. Sakhalin region. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements . Date of treatment July 28, 2014. Archived July 28, 2014.
- ↑ Sakhalin region. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2011-2016
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 . Date of treatment May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service of Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. The population of urban districts, municipalities, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . Date of treatment November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Date of treatment August 2, 2014. Archived on August 2, 2014.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Date of treatment August 6, 2015. Archived on August 6, 2015.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Date of treatment July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- ↑ The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018 . Date of treatment July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
- ↑ 2002 Census Data: Table 34U. M .: Federal State Statistics Service, 2004.
- ↑ Who should live well in the Kuril Islands? . ru-travel.livejournal.com. Date of treatment February 6, 2019.
- ↑ Pig farm in the Kuril Islands . Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands - SKR.SU. Date of treatment February 6, 2019.
- ↑ Register of municipal regular transportation routes for the municipality "South Kuril City District" (unavailable link)
Links
- Administration of the municipality "South Kuril City District" (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment May 20, 2013. Archived May 22, 2013.
- Pyzhyanov F.I., Braslavets K.M. Kunashir Island and Small Kuril Islands. Toponymic dictionary. History in titles on a map of Sakhalin Oblast. (unavailable link) (1983, 1994). Date of treatment May 20, 2013. Archived December 13, 2012.